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Species
Salmo irideus (Gibbons, 1855)
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Body elongate, somewhat compressed especially in larger fish. No nuptial tubercles but minor changes to head, mouth and color occur especially in spawning males. Coloration varies with habitat, size, and sexual condition. Stream residents and spawners darker, colors more intense. Lake residents lighter, brighter, and more silvery. Caudal fin with 19 rays (Ref. 2196). Differs from Oncorhynchus gorbuscha by having the following unique characters: by having the following unique characters: anal fin with 6-9½ (usually 8½ ) branched rays; 115-130 scales in midlateral row; 16-17 gill rakers; breeding males lacking hump; juveniles lacking parr marks; wide pink to red stripe from head to caudal base, except in sea-run form; and juveniles with 5-10 parr marks (Ref. 59043).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Cristina V. Garilao, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=239 |
Camallanus Infection 16. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Allan Palacio, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/Diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=239&StockCode=253 |
Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
Reasons: Very large range; abundant; secure on a range-wide scale. See also information for the many subspecies and stocks (e.g., steelhead, redband trout, etc.).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Oncorhynchus+mykiss |
Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.
Estimated Number of Occurrences: 81 to >300
In the Great Lakes, sea lampreys are the most common predators of all salmonid species, including rainbow trout. Other predators in both native and introduced habitats include: larger trout, fish-eating birds like great blue herons (Ardea herodias), mergansers (Mergus), and kingfishers (Ceryle), and mammals including mink (Neovison vison and Mustela lutreola), raccoons (Procyon lotor), river otters (Lontra), grizzly bears (Ursus arctos), American black bears (Ursus americanus), humans, and larger marine mammals who feed on migrating steelhead. Rainbow trout tend to stick to the sides of streams and rivers where shading is prevalent, the water is less swift, and protection is greatest. Trout species are vigilant and capable of rapid swimming to escape predation.
Known Predators:
- kingfishers (Ceryle)
- grizzly bears (Ursus arctos)
- American black bears (Ursus americanus)
- river otters (Lontra canadensis)
- mink (Neovison vison and Mustela lutreola)
- raccoons (Procyon lotor)
- sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus)
- mergansers (Mergus merganser)
- great blue herons (Ardea herodias)
- other trout species (Salmonidae)
- humans (Homo sapien)
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Oncorhynchus_mykiss/ |
Freshwater, brackish, or marine waters of temperate zones. The anadromous form, called steelhead, spawn and complete their early development in freshwater mountain streams, then migrate to spend their adult life in the ocean. In freshwater, they prefer cool water but have been known to tolerate water temperatures up to 24°C (native climates have water temperatures around 12°C in the summer). Productive streams have a good mixture of riffles and pools and overhanging vegetation for shade. Most importantly, they require gravel beds to lay their eggs, and therefore, are sensitive to sedimentation and channel scouring. Juvenile trout prefer protective cover and low velocity water and have been known to be swept away and killed in water that is too fast. Since they are native to the western U.S., then tend to be found in coastal streams and rivers which naturally have reduced flow in summer months.
Range elevation: 0 to 3000 m.
Range depth: 10 to 200 m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; tropical ; saltwater or marine ; freshwater
Aquatic Biomes: pelagic ; lakes and ponds; rivers and streams; temporary pools; coastal ; brackish water
- Behnke, R. 1992. Native Trout of Western North America. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society.
- Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife. 2005. "Life History Notes: Rainbow Trout" (On-line). Accessed October 09, 2005 at http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/wildlife/Fishing/aquanotes-fishid/rtrout.htm.
- Gall, G., P. Crandell. 1992. "Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow Trout" (On-line). Fishbase. Accessed October 07, 2005 at http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=239.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Oncorhynchus_mykiss/ |
Aeromonosis. Bacterial diseases
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Allan Palacio, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/Diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=239&StockCode=253 |
Steelhead are endangered in Washington and California, and threatened in California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Most of their decline has resulted from impacts to habitat and shrinking of spawning routes due to dams and other diversions. Siltation, caused by forestry practices, and erosion, caused by urban and agricultural development, has also impacted spawning beds.
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: no special status
US Federal List: endangered
CITES: no special status
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2012, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
Source | http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Oncorhynchus_mykiss/ |
10,000 to >1,000,000 individuals
Comments: Most populations in California are small (less than 100 individuals); in California, there were at least 25 isolated populations, many on the verge of extinction, in the 1980s (see Moyle et al. 1989 for details on individual populations).
Adults feed on aquatic and terrestial insects, molluscs, crustaceans, fish eggs, minnows, and other small fishes (including other trout); young feed predominantly on zooplankton
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License |
Source | http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=127185 |