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Species
Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
pelagic-neritic; anadromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine, usually 50 - ? m (Ref. 4545)
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Susan M. Luna, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1334 |
Depth range based on 5035 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 959 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): -9 - 139
Temperature range (°C): 2.641 - 11.513
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.194 - 8.971
Salinity (PPS): 5.722 - 34.793
Oxygen (ml/l): 0.982 - 8.768
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.114 - 2.380
Silicate (umol/l): 2.147 - 51.283
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): -9 - 139
Temperature range (°C): 2.641 - 11.513
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.194 - 8.971
Salinity (PPS): 5.722 - 34.793
Oxygen (ml/l): 0.982 - 8.768
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.114 - 2.380
Silicate (umol/l): 2.147 - 51.283
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
License | http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Ocean Biogeographic Information System |
Source | http://www.iobis.org/mapper/?taxon_id=483387 |
The European smelt is an anadromous midwater species rarely found far from the shore.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | ©1998-2011, The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom |
Source | http://www.marlin.ac.uk/speciesinformation.php?speciesID=3993 |
Anadromous. Fish that ascend rivers to spawn, as salmon and hilsa do. Sub-division of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Susan M. Luna, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1334 |
Smelt live in both brackish and salt water. There is also a smelt population residing in fresh water (the coastal provinces and the IJsselmeer). Smelt migrate upriver to spawn. This species forms schools just under the sea surface, where it hunts all kinds of living matter. In turn, smelt serves as food for fish, birds and people. Because smelt is being threatened, the fisheries for this species must abide to regulations.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Ecomare |
Source | http://www.ecomare.nl/index.php?id=3888&L=2 |
A midwater species, rarely far from shore, primarily anadromous in the west and lacustrine in the east; shoaling at least during spawning season (Ref. 4545). The essential part of his life is spend in the estuarine zone, with just short incursions in the littoral zone (Ref. 51442). The migratory form is grouping together in the estuarine zone for reproduction (Ref. 51442). Prefers cold and deep lakes and also moving waters (Ref. 682). Sedentary resident stocks exists in some lakes; those found in coastal and estuarine areas are migratory stocks (Ref. 682). Feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 13488, 42777), mainly little fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 51442).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Maria Lourdes D. Palomares, FishBase |
Source | No source database. |
Spieringen worden ook wel komkommervisje genoemd, want ze ruiken naar komkommer. Deze vissen kunnen zowel in zoet als in zout water leven. Er bestaan twee vormen; de 'zeespiering' en de 'binnenspiering'. De 'zeespiering' groeit op in zout water en trekt naar zoet water voor de voortplanting. Deze vorm kun je dus vinden in zee en in zoete wateren die in verbinding staan met zee. De 'binnenspiering' brengt zijn hele leven door in zoet of brak water, vooral in grote binnenmeren.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Ecomare |
Source | http://www.ecomare.nl/index.php?id=3888&L=2 |
Spawns in lower reaches of streams, deeper parts of lake in sand bottoms (Ref. 682). Spawning takes place with the melting of snow (Ref. 682). Many individuals die after the spawning (Ref. 682). Migratory form generally with rapid growth, more eggs, live longer; individuals feeding on fish grow bigger (Ref. 682). ). Becomes sexually mature in 3-4 years (15-18 cm) in brackish populations, 1-2 years (8-10 cm) in freshwater.
Inhabits marine waters, estuaries and large lakes (Ref. 59043). A midwater species, rarely far from shore, primarily anadromous in the west and lacustrine in the east; shoaling at least during spawning season (Ref. 4545). The essential part of its life is spend in the estuarine zone, with just short incursions in the littoral zone (Ref. 51442). The migratory form is grouping together in the estuarine zone for reproduction (Ref. 51442). Enters the rivers for spawning on sandy or gravely bottoms (Ref. 13696). Spawns in tributaries of lakes or along shallow shores of lakes and rivers on sand, gravel, stones and plant material, preferably in fast-flowing water (Ref. 59043). Reproduction takes place between February and May, depending on the water-temperature (Ref. 51442). Produces 8,000-50,000 yellow eggs with a diameter of 0.6-0.9 mm which adhere to the bottom (Ref. 13696, Ref. 51442). Eggs hatch in 3-5 weeks and the larvae descend to the estuarine zone (Ref. 13696, Ref. 51442). Feeds on shrimps and small crustaceans; larger individuals feed on small fish (Ref. 30578, Ref. 51442). Utilized as foodfish, smoked, as bait and fish oil (Ref. 35388). Smells like cucumber (Ref. 37032, 51442). Locally threatened due to pollution and barriers to migration (Ref. 59043).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Susan M. Luna, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=1334 |
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 9 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.
Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.
See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
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