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Anolis distichus Nicholson et al. 2005
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
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Rounded Global Status Rank: G5 - Secure
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The bark anole or Hispaniolan gracile anole (Anolis distichus) is a species of anole found in many Caribbean islands and Florida (as a long-introduced species).[2] It spends most its time on tree trunks. Often it is a brownish color with a yellow dewlap.
Subspecies[edit]
Listed alphabetically.[1]
- A. d. distichus Cope, 1861
- A. d. aurifer Schwartz, 1968
- A. d. biminiensis Oliver, 1948
- A. d. dapsilis Schwartz, 1968
- A. d. distichoides Rosén 1911
- A. d. dominicensis Reinhardt & Lütken 1863
- A. d. favillarum Schwartz, 1968
- A. d. floridanus Smith & Mccauley 1948
- A. d. ignigularis Mertens 1939
- A. d. juliae Cochran 1934
- A. d. ocior Schwartz, 1968
- A. d. patruelis Schwartz, 1968
- A. d. properus Schwartz, 1968
- A. d. ravitergum Schwartz, 1968
- A. d. sejunctus Schwartz, 1968
- A. d. suppar Schwartz, 1968
- A. d. tostus Schwartz, 1968
- A. d. vinosus Schwartz, 1968
References[edit]
- ^ a b Anolis distichus, The Reptile Database
- ^ Anolis distichus, Wildherps
See also[edit]
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Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bark_anole&oldid=580866160 |
Comments: This species was placed in the genus Ctenonotus by Guyer and Savage (1986) and Schwartz and Henderson (1988). Guyer and Savage (1986) divided the long-standing genus Anolis into multiple genera based on a reanalysis of some published data sets. Schwartz and Henderson (1988) adopted this classification, but Williams (1989) found serious errors and confusions in the reanalysis and vigorously rejected the multi-genus classification, as did Cannatella and de Queiroz (1989). Subsequently, Schwartz and Henderson (1991) reverted to the one-genus classification. Guyer and Savage (1992) presented further justification for their multi-genus classification.
Jackman et al. (1999) examined mtDNA variation and concluded that Phenacosaurus, Chamaelinorops, and Chamaeleolis are all nested within Anolis therefore all should be synonymized with Anolis.
See Burnell and Hedges (1990) for an electrophoretic analysis of relationships of West Indian Anolis.
Nominal subspecies floridanus was not recognized by Schwartz and Henderson (1988, 1991) but is recognized by Crother et al. (2008).
According to Crother et al. (2008), "The potential occurrence of A. (Ctenonotus) distichus in Florida is an unresolved issue. Current populations show evidence of hybridization between introduced A. d. dominicensis and another form, but the origin of the other form is currently unknown. Smith and McCauley (1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61: 159-166) named it as the subspecies A. d. floridanus based on differences from the Bahamian and Hispaniolan specimens. Schwartz (1968, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 137: 255-310) reviewed variation in A. distichus and confirmed differences between Florida versus Bahamian and Hispaniolan populations. He considered A. d. floridanus to have colonized Florida recently, either by natural dispersal or human introduction, and that the Bimini chain (A. d. biminiensis) and Andros Island (A. d. distichoides) represented the most likely sources. A detailed study of genetic variation in A. distichus, similar to that done for A. sagrei (Kolbe et al., 2004, Nature 431: 177-181), would help to clarify this issue."
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occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
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Original Published Description Cope, E.D. 1861. Notes and descriptions of anoles. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13: 208–215.
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Rights holder/Author | mrcastaneda, Anolis Scratchpad |
Source | http://anolislizards.myspecies.info/node/181 |
United States
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Type of Residency: Year-round
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Global Range: Native to Bahamas, Hispaniola, and neighboring islands (see Schwartz and Henderson 1988 and Schwartz and Henderson 1991 for details). Subspecies DOMINICENSIS and IGNIGULARIS are introduced and established in southern Florida (Schwartz and Henderson 1991); Dade and Monroe counties.
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Continent: Caribbean North-America
Distribution: USA (introduced to S Florida), Bahamas, Hispaniola: Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cat Island I, Little San Salvador, Ile de la Tortue, Ile-a-Vache, Ile Grande Cayemite, Ile Petite Cayemite, Isla Saona, Isla Catalina Anolis distichus distichus Great Bahama Bank (except Bimini Is., Andros I., Berry Is., Eleuthera I., Eleuthera Cays); Cat I. material intergradient between A. d. distichus, A. d. dapsilis, and A. d. ocior.
Type locality: New Providence Island, Bahama Islands. Anolis distichus aurifer (HOLOTYPE MCZ 81125): Ilispaniola, northern and southern slopes of Massif de la Hotte except for range of A. d. vinosus; intergrades with A. d. dominicensis. Anolis distichus biminiensis (HOLOTYPE AMNH 68640): Bahama Is.: Bimini Is. Anolis distichus dapsilis (HOLOTYPE MCZ 81139): Great Bahama Bank: Eleuthera I., Eleuthera Cays, Little San Salvador I.; apparently the subspecies introduced on Grand Bahama I. Anolis distichus distichoides (SYNTYPES presumed in Zool. Mus. Univ. Lund): Great Bahama Bank: Andros I., Berry Is.; Bahamas: Andros Island (fide Barbour 1914). Anolis distichus dominicensis (SYNTYPES HZM 1486a-c, allotypes in ZMUC): Hispaniola, throughout much of Haiti and República Dominicana with exception of ranges of other mainland Hispaniolan subspecies; possibly subspecies on Île de la Tortue; intergrades with A. d. ignigularis in Cordillera Central; isolated population in Azua and Barahona provinces; introduced in southeast Florida. Anolis distichus favillarum (HOLOTYPE MCZ 81133): Hispaniola, Sierra de Baoruco, República Dominicana; possibly intergrading with A. d. dominicensis in Pedernales Province. Altitudinal distribution 2300 ft. to 4450 ft. Anolis distichus ignigularis (HOLOTYPE SMF 25694): Hispaniola, República Dominicana, south-central and eastern portions; Peninsula de Samaná; introduced in southeast Florida. Anolis distichus juliae (HOLOTYPE MCZ 37517): Hispaniola, Île-à-Vache. Anolis distichus ocior (HOLOTYPE MCZ 81140): Bahama Is.: Rum Cay; San Salvador I. including satellite cays. Anolis distichus patruelis (HOLOTYPE MCZ 81138): Hispaniola, Haiti, Île Grande Cayemite; possibly Île Petite Cayemite. Anolis distichus properus (HOLOTYPE MCZ 81130): Hispaniola, eastern República Dominicana; intergrades with A. d. ignigularis NE La Romana. Anolis distichus ravitergum (HOLOTYPE MCZ 81132): Hispaniola, República Dominicana, Valle de Neiba, Llanos de Azua, east to San Cristóbal Province; intergrades with A. d. ignigularis in southern Peravia Province, and possibly with A. d. dominicensis in Azua Province. Anolis distichus sejunctus (HOLOTYPE MCZ 91131): República Dominicana, Isla Saona. Anolis distichus suppar (HOLOTYPE MCZ 81137): Hispaniola, Haiti, extreme western tip of Tiburon Peninsula; intergrades with A. d. aurifer on north coast. Anolis distichus tostus (HOLOTYPE MCZ 81124): República Dominicana, Isla Catalina. Anolis distichus vinosus (HOLOTYPE MCZ 81136): Hispaniola, extreme southwestern Tiburon Peninsula: intergrades with A. d. aurifer at Cavaillon and Plaine Martin, and with A. d. suppar between Roche-à-Bateaux and Coteaux.
Length: 13 cm