Species
Nematoda
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Nematodes, commonly called roundworms, are fascinating and diverse animals. Most are free-living in soil or aquatic sediment (sand or mud) but many species are parasites of plants and animals.
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Rights holder/Author | Ashleigh Smythe, Ashleigh Smythe |
Source | No source database. |
Many free-living nematodes are carnivorous, they feed on animals that are even smaller than they are including other nematodes.
Other free living nematodes feed on phytoplankton such as diatoms, algae and fungi. Many terrestrial species feed on plant roots, penetrating the cells and sucking out the contents. They are considered parasitic in the way that fleas are parasitic on other animals, they can cause great damage to the plants in this manner.
Species that live in sediments and other aquatic environments ingesting particles of the substrate when they digest associated bacteria and / or organic material.
Others feed more directly on dead organic material such as decomposing plants and animals or dung where they may actually be eating the bacteria or fungi that are feeding on the decomposing material rather than being a decomposer directly.
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Rights holder/Author | John Michael Guay, John Michael Guay |
Source | No source database. |
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Animal / predator
sticky hyphae trap of Acaulopage anamorph of Acaulopage tetraceros is predator of Nematoda
Animal / carrion / dead animal feeder
internal mycelium of Dactylella anamorph of Acrostalagmus obovatus feeds on dead Nematoda
Animal / predator
constricting ring trap of Arthrobotrys anamorph of Arthrobotrys brochopaga is predator of Nematoda
Animal / predator
adhesive network trap of Arthrobotrys anamorph of Arthrobotrys cladodes is predator of Nematoda
Animal / predator
colony of Arthrobotrys anamorph of Arthrobotrys cladodes var. macroides is predator of Nematoda
Animal / predator
adhesive network trap of Arthrobotrys anamorph of Arthrobotrys conoides is predator of Nematoda
Animal / predator
conidial trap of Arthrobotrys anamorph of Arthrobotrys dactyloides is predator of Nematoda
Animal / parasite
Arthrobotrys anamorph of Arthrobotrys flagrans parasitises live Nematoda
Animal / predator
conidial trap of Arthrobotrys anamorph of Arthrobotrys musiformis is predator of Nematoda
Other: minor host/prey
Animal / predator
conidial trap of Arthrobotrys anamorph of Arthrobotrys oligospora is predator of Nematoda
Animal / carrion / dead animal feeder
Arthrobotrys anamorph of Arthrobotrys robusta feeds on dead Nematoda
Animal / predator
colony of Arthrobotrys anamorph of Arthrobotrys scaphoides is predator of Nematoda
Animal / predator
conidial trap of Arthrobotrys anamorph of Arthrobotrys superba is predator of Nematoda
Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid
internal mycelium of Cephalosporium anamorph of Cephalosporium balanoides is endoparasitoid of Nematoda
Animal / predator
Cystopage lateralis is predator of Nematoda
Animal / predator
sticky network trap of Dactylaria anamorph of Dactylaria psychrophila is predator of Nematoda
Animal / parasite
Dactylella amorph of Dactylella arnaudii parasitises Nematoda
Animal / predator
sticky knob trap of Dactylella anamorph of Dactylella asthenopaga is predator of Nematoda
Animal / predator
constricting ring trap of Dactylella bembicoides is predator of Nematoda
Animal / parasite
Dactylella amorph of Dactylella candida parasitises Nematoda
Animal / predator
hyphal network trap of Dactylella anamorph of Dactylella cionopaga is predator of Nematoda
Animal / parasite
Dactylella anamorph of Dactylella heptameres parasitises Nematoda
Animal / predator
constricting ring trap of Dactylella anamorph of Dactylella heterospora is predator of Nematoda
Animal / predator
stalked knob trap of Dactylella anamorph of Dactylella leptospora is predator of Nematoda
Animal / predator
sticky lobed branches trap, often forked and sometimes looped of Dactylella anamorph of Dactylella lobata is predator of Nematoda
Animal / predator
three-dimensional adhesive network trap of Trichothecium anamorph of Geniculifera cystosporia is predator of Nematoda
Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid
Haptocillium rhabdosporium is endoparasitoid of Nematoda
Animal / parasite
Harposporium anguillulae parasitises Nematoda
Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid
internal mycelium of Harposporium anamorph of Harposporium oxycoracum is endoparasitoid of Nematoda
Animal / predator
sticky, stalked knob trap of Dactylella anamorph of Monacrosporium ellipsosporum is predator of Nematoda
Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid
internal mycelium of Harposporium anamorph of Nematoctonus tylosporus is endoparasitoid of Nematoda
Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid
internal mycelium of Paecilomyces anamorph of Paecilomyces coccosporus is endoparasitoid of Nematoda
Animal / predator
Protascus subuliformis is predator of Nematoda
Animal / predator
superficial cleistothecium of Pseudeurotium ovale is predator of Nematoda
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Animal / parasite
Rhizophydium vermicola parasitises Nematoda
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Virus / infection vector
Strawberry Latent Ringspot virus is spread by Nematoda
Animal / predator
sticky hypha trap of Stylopage anamorph of Stylopage rhynchospora is predator of Nematoda
Virus / infection vector
Tobacco Ringspot virus is spread by Nematoda
Virus / infection vector
Tomato Black Ring virus is spread by Nematoda
Virus / infection vector
Tomato Ringspot virus is spread by Nematoda
Animal / predator
sticky prehensile branch trap of Tridentaria anamorph of Tridentaria implicans is predator of Nematoda
Animal / predator
Zoopage thamnospira is predator of Nematoda
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Rights holder/Author | BioImages, BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK) |
Source | http://www.bioimages.org.uk/html/Nematoda.htm |
Nematoda (nematodes) is prey of:
Fundulus heteroclitus
Stercorarius
Larus hyperboreus
Somateria
Gavia stellata
Clangula hyemalis
Tardigrada
Oxyurichthyes lonchotus
Coregonus albula
Coregonus lavaretus
macroarthropods
Nematoda
Gambusia
Heterandria formosa
Decapoda
Floridichthys carpio
Lophogobius cyprinoides
high carnivores
Actinopterygii
Copepoda
Callinectes sapidus
soil micropredators
Paralichthyes albigutta
Strongylura marina
Urophycis floridana
Prionotus scitulus
Prionotus tribulus
Gobiosoma robustum
Microgobius gulosus
Lagodon rhomboides
Leiostomus xanthurus
Syngnathus scovelli
Hippocampus zosterae
Laridae
Cyprinodon variegatus
Anatidae
Fundulus confluentus
Fundulus similis
Adinia xenica
suspended particulate carbon
Sabellidae
Serpulidae
Pholis gunnellus
Crangon crangon
Nereis diversicolor
Nereis virens
Based on studies in:
USA: Rhode Island (Marine)
Norway: Spitsbergen (Coastal)
New Zealand (Grassland)
USA: Hawaii (Swamp)
Finland (Lake or pond, Littoral)
unknown (Soil)
USA: Florida, Everglades (Estuarine)
USA: Florida (Estuarine)
Scotland (Estuarine)
USA: California, Coachella Valley (Desert or dune)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
- S. W. Nixon and C. A. Oviatt, Ecology of a New England salt marsh, Ecol. Monogr. 43:463-498, from p. 491 (1973).
- G. E. Walsh, An ecological study of a Hawaiian mangrove swamp. In: Estuaries, G. H. Lauff, Ed. (AAAS Publication 83, Washington, DC, 1967), pp. 420-431, from p. 429.
- K. Aulio, K. Jumppanen, H. Molsa, J. Nevalainen, M. Rajasilta, I. Vuorinen, Litoraalin merkitys Pyhajarven kalatuotannolle, Sakylan Pyhajarven Tila Ja Biologinen Tuotanto (Lounais-Suomen Vesiensuojeluyhdistys R. Y., Turku, Finland, 1981) 47:173-176.
- W. E. Odum and E. J. Heald, The detritus-based food web of an estuarine mangrove community, In Estuarine Research, Vol. 1, Chemistry, Biology and the Estuarine System, Academic Press, New York, pp. 265-286, from p. 281 (1975).
- K. Paviour-Smith, The biotic community of a salt meadow in New Zealand, Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 83(3):525-554, from p. 542 (1956).
- C. Morley, Personal communication (1981).
- V. S. Summerhayes and C. S. Elton, Contributions to the ecology of Spitsbergen and Bear Island, J. Ecol. 11:214-286, from p. 232 (1923).
- Polis GA (1991) Complex desert food webs: an empirical critique of food web theory. Am Nat 138:123155
- Christian RR, Luczkovich JJ (1999) Organizing and understanding a winters seagrass foodweb network through effective trophic levels. Ecol Model 117:99124
- Hall SJ, Raffaelli D (1991) Food-web patterns: lessons from a species-rich web. J Anim Ecol 60:823842
- Huxham M, Beany S, Raffaelli D (1996) Do parasites reduce the chances of triangulation in a real food web? Oikos 76:284300
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Cynthia Sims Parr, Joel Sachs, SPIRE |
Source | http://spire.umbc.edu/fwc/ |
Nematoda (nematodes) preys on:
detritus
protozoa
algae
bacteria
Rotifera
Collembola
Cumacea
fungi
Nematoda
phytoplankton
Crustacea
Polychaeta
Bivalvia
Actinopterygii
bacterioplankton
Microprotozoa
POM
Based on studies in:
USA: Rhode Island (Marine)
Scotland (Lake or pond)
South Africa (Desert or dune)
Finland (Lake or pond, Littoral)
USA: Florida, Everglades (Estuarine)
Norway: Spitsbergen (Coastal)
New Zealand (Grassland)
USA: Florida (Estuarine)
unknown (Soil)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
- S. W. Nixon and C. A. Oviatt, Ecology of a New England salt marsh, Ecol. Monogr. 43:463-498, from p. 491 (1973).
- N. C. Morgan and D. S. McLusky, A summary of the Loch Leven IBP results in relation to lake management and future research, Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh Series B 74:407-416, from p. 408 (1972).
- A. C. Brown, Food relationships on the intertidal sandy beaches of the Cape Peninsula, S. Afr. J. Sci. 60:35-41, from p. 39 (1964).
- K. Aulio, K. Jumppanen, H. Molsa, J. Nevalainen, M. Rajasilta, I. Vuorinen, Litoraalin merkitys Pyhajarven kalatuotannolle, Sakylan Pyhajarven Tila Ja Biologinen Tuotanto (Lounais-Suomen Vesiensuojeluyhdistys R. Y., Turku, Finland, 1981) 47:173-176.
- S. W. Nixon and C. A. Oviatt, Ecology of a New England salt marsh, Ecol. Monog. 43:463-498, from p. 491 (1973).
- W. E. Odum and E. J. Heald, The detritus-based food web of an estuarine mangrove community, In Estuarine Research, Vol. 1, Chemistry, Biology and the Estuarine System, Academic Press, New York, pp. 265-286, from p. 281 (1975).
- K. Paviour-Smith, The biotic community of a salt meadow in New Zealand, Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 83(3):525-554, from p. 542 (1956).
- C. Morley, Personal communication (1981).
- V. S. Summerhayes and C. S. Elton, Contributions to the ecology of Spitsbergen and Bear Island, J. Ecol. 11:214-286, from p. 232 (1923).
- Christian RR, Luczkovich JJ (1999) Organizing and understanding a winters seagrass foodweb network through effective trophic levels. Ecol Model 117:99124
- Hall SJ, Raffaelli D (1991) Food-web patterns: lessons from a species-rich web. J Anim Ecol 60:823842
- Huxham M, Beany S, Raffaelli D (1996) Do parasites reduce the chances of triangulation in a real food web? Oikos 76:284300
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Cynthia Sims Parr, Joel Sachs, SPIRE |
Source | http://spire.umbc.edu/fwc/ |
Relationships based on SSU rDNA sequences after Blaxter et al. 1998, 2000. See Discussion of Phylogenetic Relationships for a more traditional view.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Tree of Life web project |
Source | http://tolweb.org/Nematoda/2472 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:9183
Specimens with Sequences:5552
Specimens with Barcodes:4243
Species:645
Species With Barcodes:564
Public Records:4530
Public Species:507
Public BINs:649
Genomic DNA is available from 2 specimens with morphological vouchers housed at Museum Victoria
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Text can be freely copied and altered, as long as original author and source are properly acknowledged. |
Source | http://www.oglf.org/catalog/details.php?id=T01081 |
Recent Nematoda includes 3 classes, 31 orders, 267 families, 2829 genera and 42783 species, with fossil taxa represented in 2 genera by 10 species. There are 7 genera and 7 species known only as fossils (Hodda 2011).
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Rights holder/Author | Dana Campbell, Dana Campbell |
Source | No source database. |