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Aster
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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:171
Specimens with Sequences:212
Specimens with Barcodes:82
Species:84
Species With Barcodes:84
Public Records:142
Public Species:76
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Eurybia is a genus of plants in the composite family that were previously included in the genus Aster. All species are native to North America, though some are also present in northern Eurasia. There are 23 species in the genus including 1 hybrid. The name was first applied by Alexandre de Cassini in 1820. The name is derived from Ancient Greek ευρυς (eurys), meaning wide, and βαιος (baios), meaning few, perhaps in reference to the small number of relatively wide ray florets.
Description[edit]
All species within the genus are perennials that grow from 10 to 120 cm in height. They have rhizomes which can either be long, slender or short and thick or sometimes cormoid, all of which often become woody. The stems can be ascending to erect and are typically simple, though they are in rare cases they branch proximally, i.e. near the point of attachment. They can be glabrous to more or less densely hairy, and are generally eglandular, meaning they lack glands, though they can sometimes be stipitate-glandular, meaning glands are present on a stipe.[1]
The leaves are always alternate. Both basal and cauline leaves, i.e. leaves growing on the stem, are present, and these may be either sessile or petiolate, meaning lacking or having a leaf stalk. The blades of the leaves may be anything from cordate, ovate, obovate, elliptic, or oblong in shape to spatulate, oblanceolate, or lanceolate. They are usually gradually reduced distally, meaning they taper towards the apex. The leaf margins can be entire or serrate, i.e. toothed, though they may also occasionally be spinulose-serrate, that is being toothed with small spines. The leaf surfaces are glabrate to hairy and are usually eglandular, though they may sometimes be stipitate-glandular.[1]
The capitula, or flower heads, are radiate and typically appear in corymbiform arrays, but in rare cases they may be borne singly. The involucres, the bracts at the base of the flower heads, are cylindro-campanulate, meaning bell-shaped, to broadly campanulate and measure from 4 to 14 and exceptionally to 16 mm long by 4 to more than 25 mm wide. The phyllaries, that is the individual bracts that make up the involucres, number from 20 up to 140 in 3 to 7 series and are single nerved. They are usually rounded adaxially, i.e. towards their upper-side, but are sometimes low-keeled. Their shape is unequal and broadly ovate or oblong to oblanceolate, lanceolate, or linear. The bases of the phyllaries are indurate, or hardened, and rarely wholly foliaceous, meaning leaf-like in appearance. Their margins are narrowly scarious, meaning membranous and dry, or occasionally herbaceous, and often ciliolate, i.e. having minute cilia. The apices, or terminal ends, are obtuse to acute, while the surfaces are glabrous (hairless), somewhat strigillose (with stiff, slender bristles), puberulent (very finely haired), scabrellous (having small rough hairs), strigoso-villous (with stiff soft hairs), or villous (having soft shaggy hairs), and occasionally they are more or less stipitate-glandular.[1]
The receptacles, the stalks that attach to the florets, are flat to slightly convex, pitted and epaleate, i.e. lacking palea, dry scale-like bracts. The ray florets, the long petal-like appendages, number between 5 and 60 and are pistillate and fertile. Their corollas are white to purple in colour and coil at maturity. The disc florets, the tiny flowers at the center of the flower structure, number from 8 all the way up to 260 and are bisexual and fertile. Their corollas are yellow, though they become purple at maturity, and may be barely to abruptly ampliate, meaning enlarged. The corolla tubes are either shorter or longer than the throats, which are funnelform to campanulate. They have 5 lobes, which are usually erect to spreading or occasionally somewhat reflexed, and are deltate, triangular, or lanceolate.[1]
The style-branch appendages are lanceolate in shape. The fruits are cypselae, which are cylindro-obconic (cylindrically reverse-conical) to fusiform (tapering at both ends) in shape, and are often somewhat compressed. They have 7 to 12 and exceptionally up 18 nerves with surfaces that are eglandular and glabrous or sparsely to densely strigillose. The pappi are persistent and are made up of 35 to 70 or more bristles that are reddish, orange, cinnamon, tawny, tan, yellowish, or pinkish in colour. The bristles are unequal, soft to stiff, barbellate (finely barbed) or barbellulate (barbed with diminutive barbs) and often apically somewhat clavate, or club shaped. They appear in 2 to 4 series.[1]
References[edit]
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Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurybia_(plant)&oldid=651658243 |
Eurybia is a New World genus of metalmark butterflies found from Mexico to Bolivia.
Description[edit]
The body is very slender, the head small, the thorax long, the abdomen in both sexes bilaterally compressed, thin and pointed. The wings are entire, the hindwings with a round border, only in a somewhat deviating group the forewings are pointed falciformly at the apex. The ground-colour is above dark brown, the border of the hindwing often with a ruddle-red tinge. Only in one case (Eurybia latifasciata (Hewitson, 1870) the wing is traversed by a broad white band (in a species flying together with just the same banded species of other genera (Mesosemia). The forewings mostly exhibit at the cell-end an eye-spot or ring-spot. Head broad, forehead broad and flat, eyes of medium size, naked, slightly convex, palpi bent up in front of the face, not projecting, but often brightly coloured; second joint more than twice as long as the first one, the third a minute knob. Antennae very long, reaching about two thirds of the costa.-length, thin, at the ends scarcely thickened. Thorax slender, legs short, the legs on being stretched out scarcely reach the anus; abdomen long and slim, mostly extending considerably beyond the anal angle. Wings broad, in the forewing the subcostal is 5-branched, the submedian bifurcated at the base, the cell broad, cuneiform, of different shapes,at the end sometimes more straightly cut off, sometimes angled laciniformly. The hindwings are sometimes slightly angled between the upper and middle radial-ends.[1]
Species[edit]
Listed alphabetically.[2]
- Eurybia albiseriata Weymer, 1890
- Eurybia caerulescens Druce, 1904 – Bluish Eurybia or Druce's Underleaf
- Eurybia carolina Godart, [1824]
- Eurybia cyclopia Stichel, 1910 – Fire-bordered Eurybia
- Eurybia dardus (Fabricius, 1787) – Dardus Eurybia, Dardus Underleaf
- Eurybia donna C. & R. Felder, 1862
- Eurybia elvina Stichel, 1910 – Elvina Eurybia or Blind Eurybia
- Eurybia franciscana C. & R. Felder, 1862
- Eurybia halimede (Hübner, [1807]) – Halimede Eurybia
- Eurybia jemima Hewitson, 1869 – Jemima Eurybia
- Eurybia juturna C. & R. Felder, 1865
- Eurybia latifasciata (Hewitson, 1870)
- Eurybia lycisca Westwood, 1851 – Blue-winged Eurybia
- Eurybia misellivestis Stichel, 1910
- Eurybia molochina Stichel, 1910 – Molochina Eurybia, Molochina Underleaf
- Eurybia nicaeus (Fabricius, 1775) – Nicaeus Eurybia
- Eurybia patrona Weymer, 1875 – Great Eurybia
- Eurybia pergaea (Geyer, 1832)
- Eurybia rubeolata Stichel, 1910 – Rubeolata Eurybia
- Eurybia silaceana Stichel, 1924
- Eurybia unxia Godman & Salvin, [1885] – Unxia Eurybia or Azure-winged Eurybia
References[edit]
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurybia_(butterfly)&oldid=633888616 |
Canada
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
United States
Origin: Unknown/Undetermined
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
Oclemena E.L.Greene, is a small genus of North American flowering plants in the aster tribe within the (sunflower family).[1][2]
It is native to northeastern North America, found in wet or dry woodlands, and sometimes in clearings in the woods, or in acid bogs and peat.[3]
The finely woolly stem grows in a zig-zag fashion to a height 30–100 cm (1–3 ft). It may be red at its base.[3]
The lanceolate leaves are numerous, arranged in a spiral whorl around a single stem. They can be sharply toothed along the margin (as in O. acuminata) or smooth (as in O. nemoralis). The leaves contain sessile resin glands.[3]
The flower heads consist of flat-topped pink to rose-violet ray florets and yellow disk florets. There are one to a few on a plant, growing on a slender peduncle. The disk flowers are abruptly expanded at the top. The scarious floral bracts consist of narrow chlorophyllous bands, tinted with purple along the midrib.[3]
The stipitate ovaries are generally compressed and show on the surface minute, cylindrical glands. The fruit is a glandular achene with a double pappus of two bristled whorls.[3]
The chromosome base number is x=9.
The Kew database Vascular Plant Families and Genera categorizes Oclamena under the genus Aster L. But taxonomically, Oclemena belongs to the North American clade of the tribe Astereae, as a basal member of one of the main branches.[4]
- Oclemena acuminata (Michx.) Greene: Whorled Wood Aster, Sharpleaf Aster, White Wood Aster GA TN NC WV VA OH PA NJ DE NY CT RI MA VT NH ME NS NB QUE ONT NFL LAB
- Oclemena × blakei (Porter) G.L.Nesom (O. acuminata × O. nemoralis) : Blake's Aster MI PA NJNY CT RI MA VT NH ME NS NB QUE ONT
- Oclemena nemoralis (Ait.) Greene: Bog Aster, Bog Nodding Aster. MI DE MD PA NJ NY CT RI MA VT NH ME NS NB QUE ONT
- Oclemena reticulata (Pursh) G.L.Nesom: Pinebarren Whitetop Aster. FL GA AL SC
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oclemena. |
- ^ Greene, Edward Lee. 1903. Leaflets of Botanical Observation and Criticism 1(1): 4–5 in English
- ^ Tropicos, Oclemena Greene
- ^ a b c d e Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 78 Oclemena Greene
- ^ Brouillet, L., G.A. Allen, J.C. Semple, and M. Ito. 2001. ITS phylogeny of North American asters (Asteraceae: Astereae). Abstract. Botany 2001, August 2001. Albuquerque, N.M.
- ^ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
- ^ The Plant List, search for Oclemena
- ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
- Semple, J. C., S. Heard and Chunsheng Xiang, 1996. The Asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae): Diplactis Raf., Oclemena Greene, Doellingeria Nees and Aster L. (including Canadanthus Nesom, Symphyotrichum Nees and Virgulus Raf.). University of Waterloo Biology Series No. 30: 1-88.
- Semple, J. C., S. B. Heard and L. Brouillet. 2002. Cultivated and native asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae): Aster L. (including Asteromoea Blume, Diplactis Raf. and Kalimeris (Cass.) Cass.), Callistephus Cass., Galatella Cass., Doellingeria Nees, Oclemena E.L. Greene, Eurybia (Cass.) S.F. Gray, Canadanthus Nesom, and Symphyotrichum Nees (including Virgulus Raf.). University of Waterloo Biology Series No. 41: 1-134.
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Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oclemena&oldid=639354014 |
Holotype for Aster schistosus E.S. Steele
Catalog Number: US 494524
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): E. S. Steele
Year Collected: 1907
Locality: Millboro., Bath, Virginia, United States, North America
- Holotype: Steele, E. S. 1911. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 373.
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Rights holder/Author | This image was obtained from the Smithsonian Institution. Unless otherwise noted, this image or its contents may be protected by international copyright laws. |
Source | http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/?irn=2158485 |
Chrysopsis villosa (Golden Aster)
(Also called Heterotheca camporum; bees suck nectar or collect pollen, flies suck nectar or feed on pollen, other insects suck nectar; observations are from Reed)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Bombini): Bombus fervida, Bombus griseocallis, Bombus impatiens; Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes illata; Megachilidae (Megachilini): Megachile latimanus
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Lasioglossum pilosus
Wasps
Tiphiidae: Myzinum quinquecincta
Flies
Syrphidae: Eristalis transversus, Toxomerus marginatus; Bombyliidae: Systoechus sp., Villa sp.
Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Vanessa cardui
- Hilty, J. Editor. 2015. Insect Visitors of Illinois Wildflowers. World Wide Web electronic publication. illinoiswildflowers.info, version (07/2015)
See: Abbreviations for Insect Activities, Abbreviations for Scientific Observers, References for behavioral observations
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2015 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects//plants/golden_aster.htm |
- For other uses, see Aster (disambiguation).
Aster is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Its circumscription has been narrowed, and it now encompasses around 180 species, all but one of which are restricted to Eurasia; many species formerly in Aster are now in other genera of the tribe Astereae.
Contents
Circumscription[edit]
The genus Aster once contained nearly 600 species in Eurasia and North America, but after morphologic and molecular research on the genus during the 1990s, it was decided that the North American species are better treated in a series of other related genera. After this split there are roughly 180 species within the genus, all but one being confined to Eurasia.[3] The name Aster comes from the Ancient Greek word ἀστήρ (astér), meaning "star", referring to the shape of the flower head. Many species and a variety of hybrids and varieties are popular as garden plants because of their attractive and colourful flowers. Aster species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species—see list of Lepidoptera that feed on Aster. Asters can grow in all hardiness zones.
The genus Aster is now generally restricted to the Old World species, with Aster amellus being the type species of the genus, as well as of the family Asteraceae.[1] The New World species have now been reclassified in the genera Almutaster, Canadanthus, Doellingeria, Eucephalus, Eurybia, Ionactis, Oligoneuron, Oreostemma, Sericocarpus and Symphyotrichum, though all are treated within the tribe Astereae. Regardless of the taxonomic change, all are still widely referred to as "asters" (popularly "Michaelmas daisies" because of their typical blooming period) in the horticultural trades. See the List of Aster synonyms for more information.
Some common North American species that have now been moved are:
- Aster breweri (now Eucephalus breweri), Brewer's aster
- Aster cordifolius (now Symphyotrichum cordifolium), blue wood aster
- Aster dumosus (now Symphyotrichum dumosum), New York aster
- Aster divaricatus (now Eurybia divaricata), white wood aster
- Aster ericoides (now Symphyotrichum ericoides), heath aster
- Aster laevis (now Symphyotrichum laeve), smooth aster
- Aster lateriflorus (now Symphyotrichum lateriflorum), "Lady in Black", calico aster
- Aster novae-angliae (now Symphyotrichum novae-angliae), New England aster
- Aster novi-belgii (now Symphyotrichum novi-belgii), New York aster
- Aster peirsonii (now Oreostemma peirsonii), Peirson's aster
- Aster protoflorian (now Symphyotrichum pilosum), frost aster
- Aster scopulorum (now Ionactis alpina), lava aster
- Aster sibiricus (now Eurybia sibirica), Siberian aster
The "China aster" is in the related genus Callistephus.
Species[edit]
In the United Kingdom, there are only two native members of the genus: goldilocks, which is very rare, and Aster tripolium, the sea aster. Aster alpinus spp. vierhapperi is the only species native to North America.[2]
Some common species are:
- Aster alpinus, Alpine aster
- Aster amellus, European Michaelmas daisy or Italian aster
- Aster linosyris, goldilocks aster
- Aster scaber
- Aster tataricus, Tatarian aster
- Aster tongolensis
- Aster tripolium, sea aster
Hybrids and cultivars[edit]
(those marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-
- Aster × frikartii (A. amellus × A. thomsonii) Frikart's aster[4]
- 'Kylie' (A. novae-angliae 'Andenken an Alma Pötschke' × A. ericoides 'White heather')[7]
- 'Ochtendgloren'agm[8] (A. pringlei hybrid)
- 'Photograph'agm[9]
In human culture[edit]
The Hungarian revolution of 31 October 1918, became known as the "Aster Revolution" due to protesters in Budapest wearing this flower.[10]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Elizabeth Pennissi (2001). "Linnaeus's last stand?". Science 291 (5512): 2304–2307. doi:10.1126/science.291.5512.2304. PMID 11269295.
- ^ a b Luc Brouillet. "Aster Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2 : 872. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 373. 1754". Flora of North America. p. 20. in Flora of North America.
- ^ Luc Brouillet, Theodore M. Barkley & John L. Strother. "Asteraceae Martinov tribe Astereae Cassini, J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts. 88: 195. 1819". Flora of North America. p. 3. in Flora of North America.
- ^ Floridata: Aster × frikartii
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Aster × frikartii 'Mönch". Retrieved 15 July 2013.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - A. × frikartii 'Wunder von Stäfa'". Retrieved 15 July 2013.
- ^ Klein, Carol. "Blazin' squad". Telegraph. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Aster 'Ochtendgloren'". Retrieved 15 July 2013.
- ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Aster 'Photograph'". Retrieved 15 July 2013.
- ^ Hajdu, Tibor (1990). "Revolution, Counterrevolution, Consolidation". In Peter F. Sugar. A History of Hungary ([New printing]. ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 297. ISBN 0253355788.
Bibliography[edit]
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee, ed. (2006). Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, Part 7: Asteraceae, Part 2. Flora of North America 20. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195305647.
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Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aster_(genus)&oldid=651825773 |
Depth range based on 18 specimens in 5 taxa.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 1
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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Rights holder/Author | Ocean Biogeographic Information System |
Source | http://www.iobis.org/mapper/?taxon_id=793986 |