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Species
Antidesma bunias (L.) Spreng.
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Xizang [India (including Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; NE Australia (including Christmas Island), Pacific islands (Hawaii, Tahiti)].
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Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012538 |
E. Himalaya (Nepal to Bhutan), S. India, Ceylon, Assam, Burma, S. China, Indo-China, Malaysia, N. Australia.
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Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=200012538 |
Trees, rarely shrubs, up to 30 m tall; young twigs glabrous to very shortly pubescent. Stipules linear, 4-6 × 1.5-2 mm, caducous; petiole 3-10(-17) mm, glabrous to pubescent; leaf blade oblong, elliptic, or obovate, (5-)10-23(-32) × (2-)3-10 cm, leathery or thickly papery, glabrous except sometimes midvein pilose, or abaxially reddish pubescent, shiny, usually drying dark green (sometimes grayish or reddish) adaxially, slightly lighter abaxially, base acute to rounded, apex acute to rounded, sometimes slightly emarginate or acuminate, usually mucronate; domatia absent; midvein flat to impressed adaxially, lateral veins (5-)7-11 pairs, tertiary veins reticulate. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, axes glabrous to pubescent, robust, males 6-17(-25) cm, 3-8(-14)-branched, females and fruiting (4-)10-18 cm, unbranched or more rarely up to 4-branched. Male flowers sessile; calyx 1-1.5 mm, cup-shaped, 3- or 4(or 5)-lobed, divided for 1/4-1/3, glabrous to pubescent outside, reddish long pubescent at base inside, margin fimbriate, apex of lobes obtuse to rounded; disk annular, consisting of free lobes or enclosing stamens and pistillode, glabrous; stamens 3 or 4(or 5), 2-3 mm; rudimentary ovary clavate to cylindric. Female flowers: pedicels 0.5-1(-2) mm, 2-4(-9) mm in fruit; calyx 3-lobed, otherwise as in male; disk glabrous; ovary glabrous or pilose; stigmas 3 or 4(-6). Drupes ellipsoid, laterally compressed, 5-11(-?18) × 4-7 mm, glabrous or pilose, red to black when ripe; style (sub)terminal. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jun-Nov. x = 13.
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Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012538 |
1220 m
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Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=200012538 |
"Trees, to 10 m high; bark dark brown; branchlets greyish-brown, lenticellate, initially rufous or brown-tomentellous or sparsely white pilose, soon glabrous. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate; stipules lateral, 4-5 x 1 mm, subulate or linear-lanceolate; petiole 3-10 mm long, slender, puberulous or pilose, finally glabrous; lamina 7-19 x 3-8 cm, elliptic, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-obovate, oblong, oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, base cuneate, round, acute or subacute, apex acuminate, apiculate or cuspidate, margin entire or irregularly and obscurely repand, glossy above, glabrous or often sparsely puberulous or pilose on midrib above towards base, glabrous beneath except for the bearded lower axils of the lateral nerves, coriaceous; lateral nerves 5-10 pairs, pinnate, prominent; intercostae reticulate, prominent; domatia present. Flowers unisexual, reddish; male flowers: in spikes, terminal or often axillary or terminating the lateral shoots, solitary or 2-3 together; peduncle scattered tawny puberulous or thinly tomentellous; bracts 1-1.5 mm long, ovate-lanceolate; perianth cupular, 1 x 1-2 mm, sparsely puberulous to glabrous; lobes 4, shallow, suborbicular, ciliate; disc subglobose, lobed above; stamens 3, inserted into the cavities of the disc; anthers orbicular; pistillode capitate; female flowers: terminal and axillary, solitary or in pair ovule 2; peduncle scattered puberulous; bracts deltoid, conduplicate, deciduous; pedicel 0.5-2 mm long, puberulous, glabrous; perianth 0.5 x 1.5 mm, glabrous, 4-lobed upto midway; lobes deltoid, ciliate at margin; ovary superior, ovoid, 1-1.8 mm long, glabrous, 1-[ 2 ] locular, ovule 2 in each cell; styles 3, terminal, erect. Fruit a drupe, 5-6 x 4-6 mm, suborbicular to ovoid or wide ellipsoid, slightly compressed, glabrous, red when ripe."
"
Habit
Trees up to 5 m tall.
Branches and Branchlets
Young branchlets terete, slightly pubescent.
Leaves
Leaves simple, alternate, spiral; petiole ca. 0.5 cm long; lamina 7-18 x 1.5-4 cm, elliptic-oblong to lanceolate, apex acuminate, base acute to obtuse, glabrous and sometimes shining and dark green above; midrib canaliculate above; secondary nerves 5-8 pairs, looped; tertiary nerves reticulate.
Inflorescence / Flower
Inflorescence axillary or terminal; flowers unisexual, dioecious; male flowers in thick 8-10 cm long glabrous spikes, sessile; female flowers in racemes.
Fruit and Seed
Drupes; 1-seeded.
"
Habit: Tree
Isotype for Sapium crassifolium Elmer
Catalog Number: US 705811
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): A. D. E. Elmer
Year Collected: 1908
Locality: Dumaguete, Cuernos Mts., Negros, Negros Oriental, Philippines, Asia-Tropical
Elevation (m): 305 to 305
- Isotype: Elmer, A. D. E. 1908. Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 2: 485.
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Rights holder/Author | This image was obtained from the Smithsonian Institution. Unless otherwise noted, this image or its contents may be protected by international copyright laws. |
Source | http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/?irn=2136859 |
"Evergreen forests, also in sacred groves"
Antidesma bunius is a species of fruit tree in the Phyllanthaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Its common Philippine name and other names include bignay,[1] bugnay or bignai, Chinese-laurel,[1] Herbert River-cherry,[1] Queensland-cherry,[1] salamander-tree,[1] wild cherry,[1] and currant tree.[1] This is a variable plant which may be short and shrubby or tall and erect, approaching 30 metres in height. It has large oval shaped leathery evergreen leaves up to about 20 cm long and seven wide. They are attached to the twigs of the tree with short petioles, creating a dense canopy.
The species is dioecious, with male and female flowers growing on separate trees. The flowers have a strong, somewhat unpleasant scent. The staminate flowers are arranged in small bunches and the pistillate flowers grow on long racemes which will become the long strands of fruit. The fruits are spherical and just under a centimetre wide, hanging singly or paired in long, heavy bunches. They are white when immature and gradually turn red, then black.
Each bunch of fruits ripens unevenly, so the fruits in a bunch are all different colors. The skin of the fruit has red juice, while the white pulp has colorless juice. The fruit contains a light-colored seed. The fruit has a sour taste similar to that of the cranberry when immature, and a tart but sweet taste when ripe. This tree is cultivated across its native range and the fruits are most often used for making jam. It is often grown as a backyard fruit tree in Java.
There is an inverse correlation between the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide and bitterness in A. bunius.[2]
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g "USDA GRIN Taxonomy".
- ^ Henkin, R. I.; Gillis, W. T. (10 February 1977). "Divergent taste responsiveness to fruit of the tree Antidesma bunius". Nature 265 (5594): 536–537. doi:10.1038/265536a0. PMID 834304. Retrieved 12 May 2012.
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Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antidesma_bunius&oldid=634950415 |