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Species
Antidesma bunias (L.) Spreng.
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
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Global Distribution
Indo-Malesia to Australia and South China
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Idukki, Kasaragode, Malappuram, Kannur, Palakkad, Thiruvananthapuram, Kozhikkode, Wayanad
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Antidesma bunius var. bunius is widely cultivated as a fruit tree, especially in Java and the Philippines. The fruits are used in syrups, jams, and jellies; made into wine, liqueur, or brandy; and used in sauces eaten with fish. The leaves are eaten as a vegetable, and the leaves and roots are used as medicine for traumatic injury.
The species is absent in Peninsular Malaysia and nearly absent from Borneo.
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Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012538 |
"Karnataka: Belgaum, Chikmagalur, N. Kanara, S. Kanara Kerala: Kannur, Kasaragod, Kozhikode, Malapuram, Palakkad, Thiruvananthapuram Tamil Nadu: Dindigul, Nilgiri, Salem, Tirunelveli"
"Indomalaysia, Australia and South China; in the Western Ghats- South and Central Sahyadris."
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Xizang [India (including Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; NE Australia (including Christmas Island), Pacific islands (Hawaii, Tahiti)].
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012538 |
E. Himalaya (Nepal to Bhutan), S. India, Ceylon, Assam, Burma, S. China, Indo-China, Malaysia, N. Australia.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=200012538 |
Trees, rarely shrubs, up to 30 m tall; young twigs glabrous to very shortly pubescent. Stipules linear, 4-6 × 1.5-2 mm, caducous; petiole 3-10(-17) mm, glabrous to pubescent; leaf blade oblong, elliptic, or obovate, (5-)10-23(-32) × (2-)3-10 cm, leathery or thickly papery, glabrous except sometimes midvein pilose, or abaxially reddish pubescent, shiny, usually drying dark green (sometimes grayish or reddish) adaxially, slightly lighter abaxially, base acute to rounded, apex acute to rounded, sometimes slightly emarginate or acuminate, usually mucronate; domatia absent; midvein flat to impressed adaxially, lateral veins (5-)7-11 pairs, tertiary veins reticulate. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, axes glabrous to pubescent, robust, males 6-17(-25) cm, 3-8(-14)-branched, females and fruiting (4-)10-18 cm, unbranched or more rarely up to 4-branched. Male flowers sessile; calyx 1-1.5 mm, cup-shaped, 3- or 4(or 5)-lobed, divided for 1/4-1/3, glabrous to pubescent outside, reddish long pubescent at base inside, margin fimbriate, apex of lobes obtuse to rounded; disk annular, consisting of free lobes or enclosing stamens and pistillode, glabrous; stamens 3 or 4(or 5), 2-3 mm; rudimentary ovary clavate to cylindric. Female flowers: pedicels 0.5-1(-2) mm, 2-4(-9) mm in fruit; calyx 3-lobed, otherwise as in male; disk glabrous; ovary glabrous or pilose; stigmas 3 or 4(-6). Drupes ellipsoid, laterally compressed, 5-11(-?18) × 4-7 mm, glabrous or pilose, red to black when ripe; style (sub)terminal. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jun-Nov. x = 13.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200012538 |
1220 m
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=200012538 |
"Trees, to 10 m high; bark dark brown; branchlets greyish-brown, lenticellate, initially rufous or brown-tomentellous or sparsely white pilose, soon glabrous. Leaves simple, alternate, stipulate; stipules lateral, 4-5 x 1 mm, subulate or linear-lanceolate; petiole 3-10 mm long, slender, puberulous or pilose, finally glabrous; lamina 7-19 x 3-8 cm, elliptic, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-obovate, oblong, oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, base cuneate, round, acute or subacute, apex acuminate, apiculate or cuspidate, margin entire or irregularly and obscurely repand, glossy above, glabrous or often sparsely puberulous or pilose on midrib above towards base, glabrous beneath except for the bearded lower axils of the lateral nerves, coriaceous; lateral nerves 5-10 pairs, pinnate, prominent; intercostae reticulate, prominent; domatia present. Flowers unisexual, reddish; male flowers: in spikes, terminal or often axillary or terminating the lateral shoots, solitary or 2-3 together; peduncle scattered tawny puberulous or thinly tomentellous; bracts 1-1.5 mm long, ovate-lanceolate; perianth cupular, 1 x 1-2 mm, sparsely puberulous to glabrous; lobes 4, shallow, suborbicular, ciliate; disc subglobose, lobed above; stamens 3, inserted into the cavities of the disc; anthers orbicular; pistillode capitate; female flowers: terminal and axillary, solitary or in pair ovule 2; peduncle scattered puberulous; bracts deltoid, conduplicate, deciduous; pedicel 0.5-2 mm long, puberulous, glabrous; perianth 0.5 x 1.5 mm, glabrous, 4-lobed upto midway; lobes deltoid, ciliate at margin; ovary superior, ovoid, 1-1.8 mm long, glabrous, 1-[ 2 ] locular, ovule 2 in each cell; styles 3, terminal, erect. Fruit a drupe, 5-6 x 4-6 mm, suborbicular to ovoid or wide ellipsoid, slightly compressed, glabrous, red when ripe."
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Habit
Trees up to 5 m tall.
Branches and Branchlets
Young branchlets terete, slightly pubescent.
Leaves
Leaves simple, alternate, spiral; petiole ca. 0.5 cm long; lamina 7-18 x 1.5-4 cm, elliptic-oblong to lanceolate, apex acuminate, base acute to obtuse, glabrous and sometimes shining and dark green above; midrib canaliculate above; secondary nerves 5-8 pairs, looped; tertiary nerves reticulate.
Inflorescence / Flower
Inflorescence axillary or terminal; flowers unisexual, dioecious; male flowers in thick 8-10 cm long glabrous spikes, sessile; female flowers in racemes.
Fruit and Seed
Drupes; 1-seeded.
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