Haematoxylum campechianum L.
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
- Logwood redirects here. It may also refer to members of the genus Xylosma, which is part of the willow family, Salicaceae.
Haematoxylum campechianum (Logwood) is a species of flowering tree in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is native to southern Mexico and northern Central America.[1] The tree was of great economic importance from the 17th century to the 19th century, when it was commonly logged and exported to Europe for use in dyeing fabrics.[2] The modern nation of Belize grew from 17th century English logwood logging camps. The tree's scientific name means "bloodwood" (haima being Greek for blood and xylon for wood).
Uses[edit]
Logwood was used for a long time as a natural source of dye, and still remains an important source of haematoxylin, which is used in histology for staining. The bark and leaves are also used in various medical applications. In its time, logwood was considered a versatile dye, and was widely used on textiles but also for paper.[3]
The extract was once used as a pH indicator. Brownish when neutral, it becomes yellow-reddish under acidic conditions and purple when alkaline.[3] In a small demonstrative experiment, if two drops, one of concentrated ammonia and one of logwood extract, are placed close enough the NH3 vapours will change to a purple shade.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ "Haematoxylum campechianum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
- ^ Hofenk de Graff, Judith H. (2004). The Colourful Past: Origins, Chemistry and Identification of Natural Dyestuffs. London: Archetype Books. p. 235. ISBN 1873132131.
- ^ a b Hammeke, Erin (2004). "Logwood Dye on Paper". University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 2008-07-05.
- ^ Chemical Recreations, John Joseph Griffin, 1834, p.279
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haematoxylum_campechianum&oldid=626601375 |
French Guiana: campeche. Guyana: logwood.
Log wood is cultivated as an ornamental plant. In America it furnishes wood for furniture; Haemotoxylon dye is obtained from heart-wood; flowers are the source of honey.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
| Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=220005970 |
United States
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
Distribution: Indigenous to Tropical America. Cultivated in Lahore.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
| Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=220005970 |
Perennial, Trees, Woody throughout, Stems erect or ascending, Stems greater than 2 m tall, Trunk or stems armed with thorns, spines or prickles, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs glabrous or sparsely glabrate, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules conspicuous, Stipules persistent, Stipules free, Stipules spinose or bristles, Leaves compound, Leaves even pinnate, Leaves bipinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets opposite, Leaflets 5-9, Leaves glabrous or nearly so, Flowers in axillary clusters or few-floweredracemes, 2-6 flowers, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers actinomorphic or somewhat irregular, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx glabrous, Petals separate, Petals orange or yellow, Stamens 9-10, Stamens completely free, separate, Filaments glabrous, Filaments hairy, villous, Style terete, Fruit a legume, Fruit unilocular, Fruit freely dehiscent, Fruit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit coriaceous or becoming woody, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit beaked, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit 1-seeded, Fruit 2-seeded, Fruit 3-10 seeded, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Compiled from several sources by Dr. David Bogler, Missouri Botanical Garden in collaboration with the USDA NRCS NPDC |
| Source | http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HACA2 |
A large shrub or medium sized tree. Leaves abruptly unipinnate, 2.5-7.5 cm long, leaflets about 4 pairs, 1.2-2.5 cm long, broadly obovate, apex obtuse, emargi¬nate. Inflorescence a raceme, c. 5-10 cm long. Flowers c. 1.2 cm across, yellow. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens free, filaments hairy at the base. Ovary short stiped. Pod c. 3.8 cm long, 7.5-10 mm broad, membranous, narrowed at both the ends. Seeds 2-3.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
| Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=220005970 |
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 1
Specimens with Barcodes: 4
Species With Barcodes: 1
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable