Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex A.Gray
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EOL Text
Native to Southwestern USA and Mexico; introduced into West Indies, tropical Africa and northern S Africa.
Verbesina encelioides is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. The species is native to the United States and Mexico.[1] It is naturalized in the Middle East, Spain, Argentina, Australia and the Pacific islands.[2] Common names include golden crownbeard, cowpen daisy, butter daisy, crown-beard, American dogweed and South African daisy.,[1][3]
The species is considered as an intruder, which spreads over fertile land and prevents development of any other local species in the area, due to its high propagation & density. Research elucidates to an allelopathic behavior of the plant[4] which explains its advantage, or takeover, over other species.
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Taxon: Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex A. Gray". United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
- ^ "Crown Beard (Verbesina encelioides)". Victorian Resources Online. Department of Primary Industries. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
- ^ "Verbesina encelioides". Native Plant Database. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
- ^ "Allelopathic potential of Verbesina encelioides root leachate in soil". Canadian Journal of Botany, 1999, Vol. 77, No. 10 pp. 1419-1424. Canadian Journal of Botany. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
Further reading[edit]
- Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 0-89672-614-2
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United States
Origin: Native
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
Native distribution of Verbesina encelioides in the flora area is uncertain. Plants of Verbesina encelioides from ca. 100°W (e.g., c Texas) and eastward usually have auriculate petiole bases and have been called var. encelioides; plants from the west usually lack auricles and have been called var. exauriculata.
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Nile region (Aswan), oases (Kharga) and Sinai (El Arish).
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| Rights holder/Author | Bibliotheca Alexandrina, BA Cultnat, Bibliotheca Alexandrina - EOL Ar |
| Source | http://lifedesk.bibalex.org/ba/pages/4671 |
Native to south and central America, naturalized in many regions of the Old World, pantropical weed.
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| Rights holder/Author | Bibliotheca Alexandrina, BA Cultnat, Bibliotheca Alexandrina - EOL Ar |
| Source | http://lifedesk.bibalex.org/ba/pages/4671 |
Chile Central
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| Rights holder/Author | Pablo Gutierrez, IABIN |
| Source | No source database. |
Plants 10–50(–120+) cm (annuals, internodes not winged). Leaves all or mostly alternate (proximal usually opposite); blades deltate-ovate or rhombic to lanceolate, 3–8(–12+) × 2–4(–6+) cm, bases broadly cuneate to ± truncate, margins coarsely toothed to subentire, apices acute to attenuate, faces strigoso-scabrellous to sericeous. Heads usually borne singly, sometimes 2–3+ in loose, cymiform or corymbiform arrays. Involucres ± hemispheric to saucerlike, 10–20+ mm diam. Phyllaries 12–18+ in 1–2 series, ± erect to spreading, lance-ovate or lance-linear to linear, 6–8+ mm. Ray florets (8–)12–15+; laminae 8–10(–20+) mm. Disc florets 80–150+; corollas yellow. Cypselae dark brown to blackish, narrowly obovate, 3.5–5+ mm, faces ± strigillose; pappi 0.5–1(–2) mm (0 on ray cypselae). 2n = 34.
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Ximenesia encelioides Cavanilles, Icon. 2: 60, plate 178. 1793 (as enceliodes); Verbesina encelioides subsp. exauriculata (B. L. Robinson & Greenman) J. R. Coleman; V. encelioides var. exauriculata B. L. Robinson & Greenman
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| Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
| Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242417424 |
Type fragment for Verbesina scabra Benth.
Catalog Number: US 1803327
Collection: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany
Verification Degree: Original publication and alleged type specimen examined
Preparation: Pressed specimen
Collector(s): K. Hartweg
Year Collected: 1839
Locality: Zitacuaro., Michoacán, Mexico, North America
- Type fragment: Bentham, G. 1840. Pl. Hartw. 41.
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| Rights holder/Author | This image was obtained from the Smithsonian Institution. Unless otherwise noted, this image or its contents may be protected by international copyright laws. |
| Source | http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/?irn=2143976 |