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Species
Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. var. typica C.K. Schneid.
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
East Asia
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Rights holder/Author | U.S. National Park Service |
Source | http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/elum.htm |
More info on this topic.
This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
ECOSYSTEMS [16]:
FRES10 White-red-jack pine
FRES11 Spruce-fir
FRES12 Longleaf-slash pine
FRES13 Loblolly-shortleaf pine
FRES14 Oak-pine
FRES15 Oak-hickory
FRES16 Oak-gum-cypress
FRES17 Elm-ash-cottonwood
FRES18 Maple-beech-birch
FRES19 Aspen-birch
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES38 Plains grasslands
FRES39 Prairie
The following table describes approximate flowering times reported from a variety of North American locations:
February | March | April | May | June | |
Northeastern U.S. [18] | X | X | |||
New England [37] | X | X | |||
Illinois [38] | X | X | |||
Florida [5] | X | X | X | ||
Blue Ridge Mountains [75] | X | X | |||
West Virginia [57] | X | X | |||
North & South Carolina [46] | X | X |
In the central and southern Appalachian regions, autumn-olive fruit ripens in August and September [46,57]. Fruit generally remains on the plant until late winter [14]. Autumn-olive generally produces leaves in early spring, prior to most native plants [55,59]
Elaeagnus umbellata, is known as Japanese silverberry,[1] umbellata oleaster,[2] autumn olive,[1][3] autumn elaeagnus,[3] or spreading oleaster.[3] The species is indigenous to eastern Asia and ranges from the Himalayas eastwards to Japan. Because it fixes atmospheric nitrogen in its roots, it often grows vigorously and competitively in infertile soils.
Description[edit]
Elaeagnus umbellata grows as a deciduous shrub or small tree, typically up to 3.5 m tall, with a dense crown.[4] It commonly bears sharp thorns in the form of spur branches.[5] The leaves are alternate, 4–10 cm long and 2–4 cm wide, entire, but with wavy margins. The leaves are covered with minute silvery scales when they emerge early in spring, but turn greener above as the scales wear off during the summer. In this the plant differs from the related E. angustifolia, which remains silvery until it sheds its leaves in the fall.
The flowers are borne in the leaf axils in clusters of 1-7. They are pale yellowish-white, fragrant, (often heavily fragrant) and have a four-lobed corolla 1 cm long. The fruit is a small round drupe 1/4 to 1/3 inches (0.65 to 0.85 cm) in diameter.[6] The unripe fruit is silvery-scaled and yellow. It ripens to red, dotted with silver or brown.
When ripe, the fruit is juicy and edible, and also makes a good dried fruit. Though the fruit are small, the tree bears them abundantly. They are tart-tasting, with chewable seeds. Their content of the carotenoid, lycopene, is some seven to seventeen times higher than that of tomatoes.[7]
In some parts of North America where it has become naturalized, Elaeagnus umbellata is considered an invasive species.[8][1] It is considered a "prohibited noxious weed" under the Alberta Weed Control Act 2010.[9]
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References[edit]
- ^ a b c Species Profile - Autumn Olive, National Invasive Species Information Center, National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for Elaeagnus umbellata.
- ^ Black B, Fordham I (2007). "Autumn olive: weed or new cash crop?". New York Berry News. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
- ^ a b c "USDA GRIN Taxonomy".
- ^ Parmar, C. and M.K. Kaushal. 1982. Elaeagnus umbellata. p. 23–25. In: Wild Fruits. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India. at The Web site of the Center for New Crops & Plant Products, at Purdue University
- ^ Munger, Gregory T. 2003. Elaeagnus umbellata. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ [2012, November 30].
- ^ Dirr, M. 1998. Manual of woody landscape plants : their identification, ornamental characteristics, culture, propagation and uses. Stipes, Champaign, Ill.
- ^ Fordham, IM, Clevidence BA, Wiley ER et al. "Fruit of autumn olive; A rich source of lycopene" HortScience. Alexandria 36:1136-1137, 2001
- ^ USDA invasive species identification sheet (pdf)
- ^ "Alberta Invasive Plant Identification Guide". . 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
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Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elaeagnus_umbellata&oldid=654239909 |
Gansu, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Nepal; naturalized in North America].
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Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014607 |
Thickets; (100-)500-3000 m.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014607 |
Flowering from April to May; fruiting from July to August.
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Rights holder/Author | Wen, Jun, Wen, Jun, Plants of Tibet |
Source | http://plantsoftibet.lifedesks.org/pages/16704 |
A deciduous tree or shrub with fragrant yellow flowers. Common in the Himalayas in dry exposed places from 1000-3300 m. It is also cultivated. The fruit is edible. The following specimens, without flowers and fruit and with the habit of Elaeagnus umbellatus Thunb., but leaves with dense soft pubescence on the under surfaces, may with further material represent a different taxon. They have been provisionally placed here.
A-7 Gilgit: cult., R.R. Stewart s.n., p.p. (RAW); C-6 Kurram: Parachinar, R.R. Stewart 28038 (RAW).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200014607 |
Elaeagnus umbellata is occurring in Gansu, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang of China, Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, naturalized in North America.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wen, Jun, Wen, Jun, Plants of Tibet |
Source | http://plantsoftibet.lifedesks.org/pages/16704 |
Growing in thickets; 500-3000 m.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wen, Jun, Wen, Jun, Plants of Tibet |
Source | http://plantsoftibet.lifedesks.org/pages/16704 |