Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. var. typica C.K. Schneid.
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Elaeagnus umbellata is occurring in Gansu, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang of China, Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, naturalized in North America.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Wen, Jun, Wen, Jun, Plants of Tibet |
| Source | http://plantsoftibet.lifedesks.org/pages/16704 |
Growing in thickets; 500-3000 m.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Wen, Jun, Wen, Jun, Plants of Tibet |
| Source | http://plantsoftibet.lifedesks.org/pages/16704 |
The chromosomal number of Elaeagnus umbellata is 2n = 28 (Zhang et al., 1991).
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Wen, Jun, Wen, Jun, Plants of Tibet |
| Source | http://plantsoftibet.lifedesks.org/pages/16704 |
Comments: In North America, only var. parvifolia of the species Elaeagnus umbellata is established as an exotic outside cultivation (Kartesz, 1994 checklist).
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
| Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Elaeagnus+umbellata |
Distribution: Japan, Assam, China, Afghanistan and the Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
| Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200014607 |
Foodplant / pathogen
Tubercularia anamorph of Nectria cinnabarina infects and damages branch of Elaeagnus umbellata
Remarks: season: 1-12
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
The currently accepted scientific name for autumn-olive is Elaeagnus
umbellata Thunb. (Elaeagnaceae) [5,18,19,29,38,46,48,51,57,71,75,77].
Kartesz and Meacham [29] recognize the variety Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.
var. parvifolia (Royle) Schneid.
Several cultivars have been developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Soil Conservation Service, and distributed for wildlife and other conservation uses
(see Importance To Livestock And Wildlife)
[1,8,10,23,25,65].
More info for the terms: shrub, tree
The following description provides characteristics of autumn-olive that may be relevant to fire ecology and is not meant to be used for identification. Keys for identifying autumn-olive are available (e.g. [5,18,38,46,51,71,77]). Photos and descriptions of autumn-olive are also available online at the Invasive.org and Invasive Plant Atlas of New England websites.
Autumn-olive is a many-branched, deciduous shrub or shrubby tree, growing 10 to16 feet (3-5 m) tall [5,14,18,19,46,77]. Leaves are alternate [5,18,19,46,51,57], simple [19,46], and variable in size [19], ranging from 0.4 to 3 inches (1-8 cm) long and 0.4 to 1.6 inches (1-4 cm) wide [5,46,51]. Thorns several inches in length are formed on spur branches [55]. Autumn-olive fruits are single-seeded drupes, 0.2 to 0.4 inches (4-10 mm) in diameter, produced on pedicels [14,18,19,38,46,51,57].
Autumn-olive forms root nodules induced by symbiosis with actinomycetes in the soil. This symbiosis permits the fixation and subsequent utilization of atmospheric nitrogen [42,61,71].
The biology and ecology of autumn-olive are not well-studied in North America. More research is needed to better understand autumn-olive's key biological traits, habitat requirements and limitations, and interactions with native North American flora and fauna.
Elaeagnus umbellata is one of the earlier shrubs to break dormancy, putting out foliage in mid-March in southern Illinois and advancing north with the season about 100 miles per week (Sternberg 1982). It grows rapidly, producing fruits in 3-5 years. Anthesis occurs after first leaves are out from May to June. Flowers are fragrant and pollinated by a variety of insects (Holtz 1981). The drupes are silvery with brown scales when immature, ripening to a speckled red in September-October. Most fruits are eaten by birds or fall to the ground by early winter (Sternberg 1982). E. umbellata produces a large amount of seed, each tree producing 2-8 lbs. of seed per year and the number of seeds per lb. ranging from 20,000-54,000. The seeds are widely distributed by birds and have a high rate of germination (Holtz 1981). Cold stratification is required to break embryo dormancy (Holtz 1981). The effect of stratification by passing through a bird's digestive tract has apparently not been reported.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | N. Sather, NatureServe |
| Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Elaeagnus+umbellata |