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Species
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. (1792)
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EOL Text
Capsella bursa-pastoris, known by its common name shepherd's-purse because of its triangular, purse-like pods, is a small (up to 0.5 m) annual and ruderal species, and a member of the Brassicaceae or mustard family. It is native to eastern Europe and Asia minor[1] but is naturalized and considered a common weed in many parts of the world, especially in colder climates,[2] including Britain, where it is regarded as an archaeophyte,[3][4]North America[5][6] and China[7] but also in the Mediterranean and North Africa.[1]Capsella bursa-pastoris is closely related to the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana and is also used as a model organism due to the variety of genes expressed throughout its life cycle that can be compared to genes that are well studied in A. thaliana. Unlike most flowering plants, it flowers almost all year round.[6][7] Like many other annual ruderals exploiting disturbed ground, C. bursa-pastoris reproduces entirely from seed, has a long soil seed bank,[3] and short generation time[1] and is capable of producing several generations each year.
Description[edit]
C. bursa-pastoris plants grow from a rosette of lobed leaves at the base. From the base emerges a stem about 0.2 to 0.5 m tall, which bears a few pointed leaves which partly grasp the stem. The flowers are white and small, in loose racemes, and produce seed pods which are heart-shaped.[6]
Like a number of other plants in several plant families, its seeds contain a substance known as mucilage, a condition known as myxospermy.[8] The adaptive value of myxospermy is unknown,[8] although the fact that mucilage becomes sticky when wet has led some to propose that C. bursa-pastoris traps insects which then provide nutrients to the seedling, which would make it protocarnivorous.[9]
Uses[edit]
C. bursa-pastoris is gathered from the wild[10] or grown[11] for food,[7][11] to supplement animal feed,[10] for cosmetics,[10] and for medicinal purposes.[7][10] It is commonly used as food in Shanghai and the surrounding Jiangnan region, where they are stir-fried with rice cakes and other ingredients or as part of the filling in wontons.[citation needed] It is one of the ingredients of the symbolic dish consumed in the Japanese spring-time festival, Nanakusa-no-sekku. In Korea it is known as naengi and its roots are one of the ingredients of the characteristic Korean dish, namul (fresh greens and wild vegetables).[12]
Capsella bursa-pastoris herb has been used in the traditional Austrian medicine internally as tea or tincture, or externally as tincture, tea or ointments, for treatment of disorders of the skin, locomotor system, cardiovascular system, hemostasis, and gynaecologic problems.[13]
Fumaric acid is one chemical substance that has been isolated from C. bursa-pastoris.[14]
Parasites[edit]
Capsella bursa-pastoris | |||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 薺菜 | ||||||||||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 荠菜 | ||||||||||||||
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- White rust Albugo candida
- One species of downy mildew Hyaloperonospora parasitica
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Aksoy A, Dixon JM and Hale WH (1998) Biological flora of the British Isles. Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus (Thlaspi bursapastoris L., Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Shull, Bursa pastoris (L.) Weber). Journal of Ecology 86: 171-186
- ^ "Capsella bursa-pastoris". Flora of Pakistan.
- ^ a b Preston CD, Pearman DA & Dines TD (2002) New Atlas of the British Flora. Oxford University Press
- ^ Preston CD, Pearman DA & Hall AR(2004) Archaeophytes in Britain. Botanical Journal of the Linnaean Society 145, 257-294
- ^ USDA PLANTS Profile: Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik
- ^ a b c Blanchan, Neltje (2005). Wild Flowers Worth Knowing. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.
- ^ a b c d "Capsella bursa-pastoris". Flora of China.
- ^ a b Tamara L. Western, Debra J. Skinner, and George W. Haughn (February 2000). "Differentiation of Mucilage Secretory Cells of the Arabidopsis Seed Coat". Plant Physiology 122 (2): 345–355. doi:10.1104/pp.122.2.345. PMC 58872. PMID 10677428.
- ^ Barber, J.T. (1978). "Capsella bursa-pastoris seeds: Are they "carnivorous"?". Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 7 (2): 39–42.
- ^ a b c d "Capsella bursa-pastoris (Ecocrop code 4164)". ecocrop. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- ^ a b "Capsella bursa-pastoris - (L.)Medik.". Plants For A Future database report.
- ^ Pratt, Keith L.; Richard Rutt; James Hoare (1999). Korea: a historical and cultural dictionary. Richmond, Surrey.: Curzon Press. pp. 310–310. ISBN 0-7007-0464-7.
- ^ Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J, Fakhrudin N, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH,Wawrosch C, Reznicek G, Dirsch VM, Saukel J, Kopp B. Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine - An unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs. J Ethnopharmacol.2013 Jun13. doi:pii: S0378-8741(13)00410-8. 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID 23770053. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23770053
- ^ Kuroda, K.; Akao, M.; Kanisawa, M.; Miyaki, K. (1976). "Inhibitory effect of Capsella bursa-pastoris extract on growth of Ehrlich solid tumor in mice". Cancer Research 36 (6): 1900–1903. PMID 1268843. edit
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Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capsella_bursa-pastoris&oldid=646315447 |
"Maharashtra: Satara Tamil Nadu: Dindigul, Nilgiri"
Capsella bursa-pastoris (Shepherd's Purse) introduced
(Short-tongued bees suck nectar or collect pollen; most flies suck nectar, although some flies also feed on pollen; other insects suck nectar; Robertson's observations occurred during the spring)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Apinae): Apis mellifera sn fq; Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Synhalonia speciosa sn; Anthophoridae (Nomadini): Nomada parva sn; Megachilidae (Trypetini): Chelostoma philadelphi sn
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Augochlorella aurata sn cp fq, Halictus confusus sn cp, Halictus ligatus, Halictus rubicunda sn cp, Lasioglossum anomalis sn cp, Lasioglossum coreopsis sn cp, Lasioglossum cressonii sn, Lasioglossum forbesii sn cp, Lasioglossum foxii sn cp fq, Lasioglossum imitatus sn cp fq, Lasioglossum pectoralis sn cp, Lasioglossum tegularis sn cp, Lasioglossum versatus sn cp, Lasioglossum zephyrus sn cp; Colletidae (Hylaeinae): Hylaeus mesillae sn; Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena arabis sn cp fq, Andrena cressonii sn cp fq, Andrena forbesii sn, Andrena imitatrix imitatrix sn cp, Andrena miserabilis bipunctata sn, Andrena nasonii sn cp, Andrena personata sn cp fq
Wasps
Vespidae: Polistes fuscata sn
Flies
Syrphidae: Allograpta obliqua sn, Eristalis arbustorum sn fq, Eristalis dimidiatus sn fp, Helophilus fasciatus sn, Helophilus latifrons sn, Mallota bautias sn, Melanostoma mellinum sn, Sphaerophoria contiqua sn, Syritta pipiens sn fp, Toxmerus geminatus sn, Toxomerus marginatus sn; Bombyliidae: Aldrichia ehrmanii sn fp; Conopidae: Thecophora occidensis sn, Zodion fulvifrons sn; Tachinidae: Gonia capitata sn, Periscepsia laevigata sn, Siphona geniculata sn fq, Tachinomyia panaetius sn; Sarcophagidae: Gymnoprosopa polita sn, Helicobia rapax sn, Sarcophaga sinuata sn; Calliphoridae: Cynomya cadaverina sn fq, Lucilia illustris sn, Lucilia sericata sn; Anthomyiidae: Delia platura sn; Fanniidae: Fannia manicata sn
Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Chlosyne nycteis sn, Phyciodes tharos sn; Pieridae: Pontia protodice sn
Skippers
Hesperiidae: Erynnis martialis sn, Pholisora catullus sn, Polites peckius sn
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Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2015 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects//plants/shepherd_purse.htm |
"
Global Distribution
Cosmopolitan except the tropics
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Idukki
"
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / false gall
colony of Albugo candida causes swelling of live, discoloured, distorted leaf of young plant of Capsella bursa-pastoris
Remarks: season: esp. 10-11
Other: major host/prey
Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Ceutorhynchus erysimi feeds on Capsella bursa-pastoris
Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Chromatomyia horticola may be found in leaf-mine (end of) of Capsella bursa-pastoris
Foodplant / parasite
Erysiphe cruciferarum parasitises live Capsella bursa-pastoris
Animal / pathogen
Rhizoctonia anamorph of Helicobasidium purpureum infects root of Capsella bursa-pastoris
Foodplant / sap sucker
Macrosiphum avenae sucks sap of live Capsella bursa-pastoris
Foodplant / spot causer
colony of Pseudocercosporella anamorph of Mycosphaerella capsellae causes spots on live leaf of Capsella bursa-pastoris
Foodplant / spot causer
hypophyllous colony of sporangium of Peronospora parasitica causes spots on live leaf of Capsella bursa-pastoris
Remarks: season: 1-4
Other: major host/prey
Foodplant / open feeder
adult of Phaedon cochleariae grazes on live leaf of Capsella bursa-pastoris
Remarks: season: 5-9
Nile region.
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Rights holder/Author | Bibliotheca Alexandrina, BA Cultnat, Bibliotheca Alexandrina - EOL Ar |
Source | http://lifedesk.bibalex.org/ba/pages/2254 |
Frequent in high rainfall areas, mainly the E Highlands
Cosmopolitan, especially temperate and warm regions.
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Rights holder/Author | Bibliotheca Alexandrina, BA Cultnat, Bibliotheca Alexandrina - EOL Ar |
Source | http://lifedesk.bibalex.org/ba/pages/2254 |
Flowering and fruiting: March-October
Distribution: Cosmopolitan in cooler climates mostly.
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Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200009292 |