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Species
Orconectes virilis (Hagen, 1870)
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Note: For many non-migratory species, occurrences are roughly equivalent to populations.
Estimated Number of Occurrences: > 300
Comments: Horowitz and Flinders (2004) found it to be uncommon (2 of 15 stations) in the Piedmont, Ridge and Valley and Highlands regions of New Jersey. In New York's Hudson River drainage, Smith (1979) added Columbia and Rensselaer Cos., New York. In Maryland, it was first introduced intothe Patapsco River and from five locations near Woodstock (Meredith and Schwartz, 1960), but later expanded throughout the entire Patapsco basin displacing native species (Schwartz et al., 1963), and in the Piedmont where it is the most common species in larger Potomac River and Chesapeake Bay tributaries as well as man-made impoundments in western Maryland (Kilian et al., 2010) with it most recently in the vicinity of Plummers Island (bank of Potomac River), Montgomery Co. (Norden, 2008). It has recently expanded into Idaho (Clark and Lester, 2005). It occurs sympatrically with O. propinquus (introduced) in North Lake, Las Animas Co., Colorado (C. Taylor, pers. comm., August 2010). In Ohio, it is confined to the East Branch of the Chagrin River and a population was recently established at the Hebron Fish Hatchery in Licking Co. (Thoma and Jezerinac, 2000). Jezerinac (1986) lists Geauga and Lakel Cos., Ohio. In West Virginia, it is introduced to the eastern panhandle and southern New River in Summers Co. and Point Pleasant and Ohio River bacwaters, Pleasant Co. plus Summerville Lake in Nicholas Co. and Moncove Lake in Monroe Co. (Loughman and Welsh, 2010). In Missouri, it is the most widely distributed crayfish, occurring over all fo the state except the southeastern Lowlands and parts of the central Ozarks (Pflieger, 1996). In Kansas, it occurs throughout the state (Ghedotti, 1998). In the Neosho River drainage in Kansas, O. neglectus occurs in the eastern one-half of the Spring River drainage whereas O. virilis occurs in the western part outside of the Ozark Plateau (Durbian et al., 1994). Reports for this species in Mississippi are in error (T. Mann, MS NHP, pers. comm., January 2008). Recently it was found at several sites in the Catawba River and tributaries in North Carolina but not extending into South Carolina (Alderman, 2005). It is introduced in North Carolina in Long and Mauney Creeks in Gaston Co., Linville River and White Creek (Lake James tributaries) in Burke Co. (all Caatawba basin) (Simmons and Fraley, 2010). In the Cumberland Plateau it occurs in tributaries of Locust Fork of Black Warrior River and Guntersville Lake (Tennessee River) in Alabama (Bouchard, 1974). In Alabama, it occurs in the Black Warrior, Cahaba, Coosa, Tallapoosa, and Tennessee River drainages (Schuster et al., 2008). In Texas, it occurs in pockets of introduction in the San Gabriel River in Williamson Co.; and is also introduced to Chihuahua, Mexico (Johnson and Johnson, 2008). Based on museum records, it has been known in southern New England since about 1935 and has been widely introduced throughout the region to such an extent that today only the southeastern coastal drainage areas (South Shore, Buzzards Bay, Cape Cod and the Islands) are still free of it (Smith, 2000). It was recently documented in New Brunswick in the Black River, Kent Co., 300 km east across four watersheds from the nearest western population in the region (McAlpine et al., 2007).It also occurs in the northern portion Lake of the Woods, Ontario, Canada (Jansen et al., 2009), where it is believed to be native.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Orconectes+virilis |
Comments: As a widespread species, with considerable question of its relationship to the morphologically close O. nais, and O.causeyi; there is the possibility that they all represent a single species. Genetic analysis of European populations in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands revealed individuals did not belong to any mitochondrial lineage yet recorded in North America but formed a separate clade and a sequenced population from Iowa also represented a new clade (Filipova et al., 2009). Also, the species is very closely related to the newly described Orconectes quinebaugensis (Matthews et al., 2008; Matthews and Warren, 2008), and they may be synonymous.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Orconectes+virilis |
>1,000,000 individuals
Comments: It is widespread and abundant.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Orconectes+virilis |
Amplexus in fall; brooding mid-Mar - Jul; females do not breed until 2nd yr, amles perhaps late in 1st yr. In North Carolina, a Form I male and a female were collected in copulation in late March in the Linville River and an ovigerous female was also collected (Simmons and Fraley, 2010).
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
There are 2 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.
Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.
See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
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Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 3
Species With Barcodes: 1
Red List Criteria
Year Assessed
Assessor/s
Reviewer/s
Contributor/s
Justification
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/153831 |
This species is found widely in Canada. It is found from Alberta to Quebec(Taylor et al. 2005).It is also widespreadin North America, where it occurs from New York in the north to Texas in the south (Taylor et al. 2005). Itsmostwestern reach is Utah(Tayloret al.2005).
This species has also been introduced to other areas in the US including, but also Mexico and Europe(Taylor et al. 2005). The native extent of occurrence (EOO) of this species has been estimated to exceed 11 million km2, not including the wide ranging introduced regions.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/153831 |
occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Orconectes+virilis |