Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Diagnosed from other species of Percidae in Europe by having the following unique characters: pelvic and anal fins yellow to red; posterior part of first dorsal fin with dark blotch; and flank with 5-8 bold dark bars, usually Y-shaped. Differs further by the combination of the following features: two dorsal fins, clearly separated from each other; and 56-77 scales along lateral line (Ref. 59043). Body greenish-yellow; 5-9 transverse black bands on the sides; first dorsal fin gray, black spot at the tip; second dorsal greenish-yellow; pectorals yellow; other fins red. First dorsal fin markedly higher than the second. Caudal fin emarginate (Ref. 2058).
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Estelita Emily Capuli, FishBase |
| Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=358 |
Population
Population Trend
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| Rights holder/Author | International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
| Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/16580 |
Habitat and Ecology
A very wide range of habitats from estuarine lagoons, lakes of all types to medium sized streams.
Biology:
Lives up to 21 years, usually to about six years. Males reproduce for the first time at 1-2 years, females at 2-4 years. Spawns in February-July, depending on latitude and altitude, when temperature reaches about 6C. May undertake short spawning migrations. A female usually spawns with several males, once each year. The female circles the spawning site, followed by one male, while other males remain stationary. The egg strand is released as the female swims in spiral clockwise movements, folding herself into a U-shape. All eggs are released and fertilised within about 5 seconds in a single strand, which becomes twisted around and entangled with spawning substrate. Feeding larvae are positively phototactic, live in open water and feed on pelagic organisms. They may be widely distributed by currents. An opportunistic diurnal feeder, preying mainly at sunrise and sunset, using all available prey. Larvae and small juveniles usually prey on planktonic invertebrates. During first summer, many juveniles come near shores to feed on benthic prey. Often becomes piscivorous at about 120 mm SL. Stocks with different life-histories may co-occur in some lakes (littoral, benthic feeding, pelagic zooplanktivorous), sometimes with different spawning sites and times.
Systems
- Freshwater
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| Rights holder/Author | International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
| Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/16580 |
Major Threats
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
| Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/16580 |
Perch aren't fussy fish and live in just about all kinds of fresh waters in the Netherlands. You find them in stationary and flowing water. Perch also live in brackish water. You find fewer perch in ditches and smaller waters than in the IJsselmeer and other large waters and rivers. Perch are eye catchers: you aren't likely to mix them up with other fish species due to their dark vertical stripes, bright red tail and red pelvic fins. They have two separate dorsal fins, the front one having hard spines. Perch are predator fish. Small perch eat invertebrates such as opossum shrimp and gammarids. Larger fish switch over to hunting smelt or even other perch. This is also why they are loners.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Ecomare |
| Source | http://www.ecomare.nl/index.php?id=3923&L=2 |
demersal; anadromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 8 - 12; depth range 1 - 30 m (Ref. 9988), usually 3 - 4 m (Ref. 55947)
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Susan M. Luna, FishBase |
| Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=358 |
Least Concern (LC)
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Susan M. Luna, FishBase |
| Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=358 |
Baarzen zijn niet veeleisend en leven in Nederland in vrijwel alle zoete watertypen. Je kunt ze vinden in zowel stilstaand als stromend water. Ze kunnen ook in brak water leven. In sloten en kleine wateren vind je minder baarzen dan in het IJsselmeer en andere grote wateren en rivieren. Het zijn opvallende vissen; door de verticale donkere strepen, de felrode staart en rode buikvinnen zijn ze niet te verwarren met andere vissoorten. Ze hebben twee gescheiden rugvinnen, waarvan de voorste harde stekels heeft. Baarzen zijn echte roofvissen. Grote baarzen eten spiering en hun eigen soortgenoten. Deze vissen leven daarom alleen. Jonge baarzen eten planktondiertjes, aasgarnalen en vlokreeftjes en leven in scholen.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Ecomare |
| Source | http://www.ecomare.nl/index.php?id=3923&L=2 |
Depth range based on 14374 specimens in 1 taxon.
Water temperature and chemistry ranges based on 1161 samples.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 1 - 67
Temperature range (°C): 4.258 - 7.898
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.212 - 2.070
Salinity (PPS): 5.681 - 9.183
Oxygen (ml/l): 7.708 - 8.768
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.114 - 0.389
Silicate (umol/l): 10.213 - 14.880
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 1 - 67
Temperature range (°C): 4.258 - 7.898
Nitrate (umol/L): 1.212 - 2.070
Salinity (PPS): 5.681 - 9.183
Oxygen (ml/l): 7.708 - 8.768
Phosphate (umol/l): 0.114 - 0.389
Silicate (umol/l): 10.213 - 14.880
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Ocean Biogeographic Information System |
| Source | http://www.iobis.org/mapper/?taxon_id=656086 |
Apart from pollution to their water bodies or rivers, perch do not appear to be a widely threatened species.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008 |
| Source | http://www.arkive.org/perch/perca-fluviatilis/ |