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Species
Arctiidae
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Counter-tympanum:
present
Counter-tympanum description:
Variously developed depending on lineage and species.
Abdomen tympanum:
absent
Thorax tympanum:
present
Thorax tympanum description:
In general, the tympanal membrane outward and posteriorly directed with a nodular sclerite.
Palp tympanum:
absent
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Rights holder/Author | Leptree.net, Susan Weller, LepTree |
Source | http://www.leptree.net/lep_taxon_page?id=2806&scientificName=Arctiidae |
Opisthokonta
The Arctiinae are a subfamily of moths.
Systematics
The systematics of the Arctiinae are in need of revision. The arrangement followed here is based on the preliminary consensus list of Savela (2007). Sometimes the Ctenuchinae and the Pericopinae are merged in the Arctiinae as tribes too.
Arctiinae incertae sedis
A considerable number of genera have not been robustly assigned to a tribe yet. Some of these might even not belong in the Arctiidae at all. The genera incertae sedis are:
Some notable taxa
- Eupseudosoma involuta (Sepp, 1855)
- Halysidota leda (Druce, 1880)
- Halysidota leda leda
- Halysidota leda enricoi Toulgoët, 1978
- Halysidota schausi Rothschild, 1909
- Hypercompe icasia (Cramer, 1777)
- Opharus bimaculata (Dewitz, 1877)
- Pachydota albiceps (Walker, 1856)
- Pseudamastus alsa (Druce, 1890)
- Pseudamastus alsa alsa
- Pseudamastus alsa lalannei Toulgoët, 1985
- Utetheisa ornatrix (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Utetheisa pulchella (Linnaeus, 1758)
References
- Savela, Markku (2007): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Arctiinae. Version of 2007-MAR-15. Retrieved 2007-JUN-2.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arctiinae&oldid=408337754 |
Ocelli:
present, absent
Eyes:
smooth, hairy
Labial palpus:
porrect, upcurved, large
Number of labial palp segments:
from 3
Maxillary palpus:
minute
Proboscis:
present, absent, reduced
Proboscis texture:
naked
Mandibles:
absent
Head vertex scaling:
normal
Female antennae:
bipectinate, dentate, filiform, moniliform, serrate
Male antennae:
bipectinate, dentate, filiform, pectinate, serrate
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Leptree.net, Susan Weller, LepTree |
Source | http://www.leptree.net/lep_taxon_page?id=2806&scientificName=Arctiidae |
Apomorphies:
Adult female dorsal invaginated pheromone glands visible, with horizontally paired openings. Metathoracic tymbal. Larval ventral eversible gland. Tympanum pocket IV present. Larval mandible with indentation on dorsal tooth
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Leptree.net, Susan Weller, LepTree |
Source | http://www.leptree.net/lep_taxon_page?id=2806&scientificName=Arctiidae |
Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid
larva of Thelaira solivaga is endoparasitoid of larva of Arctiidae
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | BioImages, BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK) |
Source | http://www.bioimages.org.uk/html/Arctiidae.htm |
Adult behavior:
diurnal, nocturnal, crepuscular
Adult behavior:
The male courtship behaviors have been documented for several arctiid species including: *Utetheisa ornatrix*, *Euchaetes bolteri*, *Cycnia tenera*, *Syntomeida epilais*, *Cosmosoma myradora*, *Empyreuma pugione*, *Halysidota davisii*, *Estigmene acrea* and *Amerila* species (formerly *Rhodogastria*). Male courtship can include PA-derived pheromones, non-PA based pheromones or ultrasonic clicks emitted by tymbals. There is a growing literature on the diversity of mating systems in arctiids and their evolution (Conner 2008, references therein).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Leptree.net, Susan Weller, LepTree |
Source | http://www.leptree.net/lep_taxon_page?id=2806&scientificName=Arctiidae |
Larval food habits description:
Various feeding habits have been recorded in this family from polyphagy to monophagy. Many monophagous species are associated with pyrrolizidine alkaloid hosts. *Tyria jacobaeae* (L) the cinnabar moth is used for biological control of ragwort (Senecio) in the western United States. Several species feed on cardiac glycoside hosts as larvae (e.g., *Euchaetes bolteri*, *Syntomeida epilais*).
Life history larvae:
For an authoritative treatment, consult Wagner 2008.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Leptree.net, Susan Weller, LepTree |
Source | http://www.leptree.net/lep_taxon_page?id=2806&scientificName=Arctiidae |
Introduction:
The Arctiidae tend to be a colorful, charismatic lineage. Over 11,000 species have been described. Arctiids represent roughly 6% of lepidopteran species diversity worldwide (Watson and Goodger, 1986; Goodger and Watson, 1995) and are an important component of Neotropical communities (Conner 2008). Their bright colors most likely function in predator defense, warning of the moths’ unpalatability. Many species are protected by compounds they produce themselves (e.g. histamines) or by compounds they acquire from their larval host plants (e.g., cardiac glycosides, pyrrolizidine alkaloids). Some chemically protected arctiids participate in Müllerian mimicry rings and may resemble other poisonous Lepidoptera or wasps. Some species are nearly identical with their wasp models (Simmons and Weller, 2006) and even mimic wasp behaviors (Blest, 1964). Arctiid larvae typically have secondary setae arranged on verrucae on all segments except the head, hence their common name “wooly bears.” The caterpillar of *Pyrrharctia isabella* (J.E. Smith) is familiar to many North Americans. Not all caterpillars, though, have secondary setae.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Leptree.net, Susan Weller, LepTree |
Source | http://www.leptree.net/lep_taxon_page?id=2806&scientificName=Arctiidae |
Adult food habits description:
Several arctiid species are pharmacophagous (Boppré 1990), although records are concentrated in the Phaegopterini (Pliske 1975a, 1975b), especially the *Eupseudosoma* group and the *Halysidota* generic group of Watson and Goodger (1986). Typically males collect pyrollizidine alkaloids (PAs) from withered or damaged leaves of PA plants by regurgitating saliva and then re-imbibing the salivary fluid with the dissolved PAs. There are a few species were both sexes collect PAs and in even fewer just females collect (Pliske 1975a, 1975b). PAs are bitter tasting and are used in defense and courtship by arctiids (reviews Weller et al. 1999, Conner and Weller 2001, Conner 2008 and references therein).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Leptree.net, Susan Weller, LepTree |
Source | http://www.leptree.net/lep_taxon_page?id=2806&scientificName=Arctiidae |
Beervlinders zijn stevig gebouwde, vrolijk gekleurde nachtvlinders, gewoonlijk harig en vaak giftig. De opvallende kleuren op de vleugels waarschuwen de vogels dat deze vlinders oneetbaar zijn. De rupsen lijken helemaal op een harig minibeertje. Een aantal soorten zijn speciaal op duinplanten te vinden.
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Rights holder/Author | Ecomare |
Source | http://www.ecomare.nl/index.php?id=3708&L=2 |