You are here
Species
Syzygium
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Trees, to 12 m tall. Branchlets compressed. Petiole less than 4 mm to sometimes nearly absent; leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 10-22 × 5-8 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially with numerous small glands, adaxially turning yellowish brown when dry, secondary veins 14-19 on each side of midvein, 6-10 mm apart, and at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, reticule veins conspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 5 mm from margin and an additional intramarginal vein ca. 1.5 mm from margin, base narrow, rounded, or slightly cordate, apex obtuse to slightly acute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymes, 5-6 cm, several-flowered. Flowers white. Hypanthium obconic, 7-8 × 6-7 mm. Calyx lobes 4, semiorbicular, ca. 4 × 4 mm or larger. Petals 4, distinct, 1-1.3 cm. Stamens numerous, ca. 1.5 cm. Style 2.5-3 cm. Fruit dark red, pyriform to conic, 4-5 cm, fleshy, glossy, apex impressed; persistent sepals fleshy. Seed 1. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. May-Jun.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014872 |
Myrtus samarangensis Blume, Bijdr. 1084. 1826-1827; Eugenia javanica Lamarck; Jambosa samarangensis (Blume) Candolle.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014872 |
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, and Yunnan [native to Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and Thailand].
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200014872 |
Syzygium samarangense (syn. Eugenia javanica) is a plant species in the Myrtaceae, native to an area that includes the Greater Sunda Islands, Malay Peninsula and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but introduced in prehistoric times to a wider area[2] and now widely cultivated in the tropics. English common names include Jambu air (local Indonesian and Malay name), Thai: ชมพู่ (pronounced [tɕʰom pʰûː]), lembu or lian-woo (from the native Taiwanese name; Chinese: 蓮霧; pinyin: liánwù; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lián-bū), wax apple, love apple, java apple, royal apple, bell fruit (or bellfruit), Jamaican apple, water apple, mountain apple, cloud apple, wax jambu, and rose apple. It is commonly known as makopa in the Philippines. In Bengali language the fruit is called Jaamrool. In Vietnamese, it is called mận in the Southern part of the country, while the precise yet uncommonly used is roi hoa trắng.
Cultivation and uses[edit]
Syzygium samarangense is a tropical tree growing to 12 m tall, with evergreen leaves 10–25 cm long and 5–10 cm broad. The flowers are white, 2.5 cm diameter, with four petals and numerous stamens. The fruit is a bell-shaped, edible berry, with colors ranging from white, pale green, or green to red, purple, or crimson, to deep purple or even black, 4–6 cm long in wild plants. The flowers and resulting fruit are not limited to the axils of the leaves, and can appear on nearly any point on the surface of the trunk and branches. When mature, the tree is considered a heavy bearer, yielding a crop of up to 700 fruits.[2]
Two of the most highly prized and sought-after wax apples in Taiwan are "black pearls", which are purplish-red, and the very rare green pearls, (only found in Xinshi District, Taiwan), which are small and green. When ripe, the fruit will puff outwards, with a slight concavity in the middle of the underside of the "bell". Healthy wax apples have a light sheen to them. Despite its name, a ripe wax apple only resembles an apple on the outside in color. It does not taste like an apple, and it has neither the fragrance nor the density of an apple. Its flavor is similar to a snow pear, and the liquid-to-flesh ratio of the wax apple is comparable to a watermelon. Unlike either apple or watermelon, the wax apple's flesh has a very loose weave. The very middle holds a seed situated in a sort of cotton-candy-like mesh. This mesh is edible, but flavorless. The color of its juice depends on the cultivar; it may be purple to entirely colorless.
A number of cultivars with larger fruit have been selected. In general, the paler or darker the color, the sweeter it is. In Southeast Asia, the black ones are nicknamed "Black Pearl" or "Black Diamond", while the very pale greenish-white ones, called "Pearl", are among the highest priced ones in fruit markets. The fruit is often served uncut, but with the core removed, to preserve the unique bell-shaped presentation.
In the cuisine of Indian Ocean islands, the fruit is frequently used in salads, as well as in lightly sautéed dishes.
In India, water apples are found in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh near the dry land areas of Rajanagaram mandal (mainly around G.Donthamuru village surroundings). In local language Telugu, these are called as kammari kayalu (కమ్మరి కాయలు). It is also found throughout Kerala where it is called as Champakka or Chambakka. It is mainly eaten as a fruit and also used to make pickles.
Medicinal uses[edit]
The flowers are astringent and used in Taiwan to treat fever and halt diarrhea.[citation needed] Investigators have found their principal constituent to be tannin.[citation needed] They also contain desmethoxymatteucinol, 5-O-methyl-4'-desmethoxymatteucinol, oleanic acid and B-sitosterol.[citation needed] They show weak antibiotic action against Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Candida albicans.[citation needed]
References[edit]
- ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species".
- ^ a b Julia F. Morton (1987). "Java apple". Fruits of Warm Climates. Miami, FL: Florida Flair Books. pp. 381–382. ISBN 978-0-9610184-1-2.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Syzygium samarangense. |
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syzygium_samarangense&oldid=653808470 |
Suffrutices, trees or shrubs. Inflorescence a terminal, many-flowered corymbose cyme. Receptacle gradually narrowed into a pedicel-like base above the articulation, distinctly prolonged beyond summit of ovary as an "upper receptacle". Calyx usually an indistinctly lobed rim-like extension to the upper receptacle. Petals 4, cohering and falling together as a calyptra. Filaments and style c.2 times as long as petals. Ovary 2-locular. Fruit a berry.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe |
Source | http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=1013 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:471
Specimens with Sequences:588
Specimens with Barcodes:522
Species:176
Species With Barcodes:153
Public Records:123
Public Species:80
Public BINs:0
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:12
Specimens with Sequences:26
Specimens with Barcodes:25
Species:6
Species With Barcodes:6
Public Records:0
Public Species:0
Public BINs:0
Syzygium is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. The genus comprises about 1200 species, and has a native range that extends from Africa and Madagascar through southern Asia east through the Pacific.[3] Its highest levels of diversity occur from Malaysia to northeastern Australia, where many species are very poorly known and many more have not been described taxonomically. Fifty-two species are found in Australia and are generally known as lillipillies, brush cherries or satinash.[4]
Most species are evergreen trees and shrubs. Several species are grown as ornamental plants for their attractive glossy foliage, and a few produce edible fruit that are eaten fresh or used in jams and jellies. The most economically important species, however, is the clove Syzygium aromaticum, of which the unopened flower buds are an important spice. Some of the edible species of Syzygium are planted throughout the tropics worldwide, and several have become invasive species in some island ecosystems. Several species of Syzygium bear fruit that are edible for humans, many of which are named "roseapple".
At times Syzygium was confused taxonomically with the genus Eugenia (ca. 1000 species), but the latter genus has its highest specific diversity in the neotropics. Many species formerly classed as Eugenia are now included in the genus Syzygium, although the former name may persist in horticulture.[4]
Selected species[edit]
Species include:[5]
- Syzygium alliiligneum – Onionwood (Queensland)
- Syzygium amplifolium
- Syzygium andamanicum
- Syzygium anisatum
- Syzygium anisosepalum
- Syzygium antisepticum – Shore Eugenia
- Syzygium aqueum – Water Apple, Bell fruit, Water cherry, Watery rose apple
- Syzygium aromaticum – Clove
- Syzygium australe – Brush Cherry (Australia)
- Syzygium beddomei
- Syzygium bourdillonii
- Syzygium canicortex – Yellow Satinash (Queensland)
- Syzygium caryophyllatum (type species)
- Syzygium chavaran
- Syzygium conglomeratum
- Syzygium cordatum – Hute, Waterbessie, umdoni, water berry, umSwi
- Syzygium cordifolium
- Syzygium cormiflorum – Bumpy Satinash
- Syzygium corynanthum – Sour cherry
- Syzygium corynocarpa (A.Gray) C.Muell.
- Syzygium courtallense
- Syzygium crebrinerve – Purple cherry, Black water gum
- Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels – Jambul, Jambolan, Black plum, Damson plum, Duhat plum, Jambolan plum, Portuguese plum
- Syzygium curranii – Lipote
- Syzygium densiflorum
- Syzygium diffusum
- Syzygium discophorum
- Syzygium duthieanum
- Syzygium dyerianum
- Syzygium erythrocalyx – Johnstones River Satinash, Red Bud Satinash
- Syzygium fergusonii
- Syzygium fibrosum – Fibrous Satinash
- Syzygium fijiense
- Syzygium flosculiferum
- Syzygium forte – White Apple
- Syzygium francisii – Giant water gum, Rose Satinash
- Syzygium fullagarii (Lord Howe Island)
- Syzygium glaucum
- Syzygium gracilipes
- Syzygium graeme-andersoniae
- Syzygium grande – Sea Apple
- Syzygium guehoi
- Syzygium gustavioides – Grey Satinash
- Syzygium guineense – Waterberry
- Syzygium hodgkinsoniae – Red lilly pilly, Smooth-barked Rose Apple (Australia)
- Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston – Roseapple, Malabar plum, Plum rose, Rose apple, Water apple
- Syzygium jasminifolium
- Syzygium kemamanense
- Syzygium kiahii
- Syzygium koordersianum
- Syzygium kuranda – Kuranda Satinash
- Syzygium leucoxylon
- Syzygium luehmannii – Riberry, Cherry Satinash
- Syzygium maire
- Syzygium makul
- Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry – Malay Apple, Malacca apple, Malay rose apple, Mountain apple, Otaheite cashew, Rose apple, Water apple
- Syzygium manii
- Syzygium maingayi
- Syzygium megacarpum
- Syzygium micranthum
- Syzygium microphyllum (Syzygium gambleanum is an illegitimate synonym)
- Syzygium minus
- Syzygium moorei – Coolamon, Durobby
- Syzygium myhendrae
- Syzygium neesianum
- Syzygium nemestrinum
- Syzygium nervosum
- Syzygium occidentale
- Syzygium oleosum – Blue Lilly Pilly
- Syzygium oliganthum
- Syzygium oreophilum
- Syzygium palghatense
- Syzygium paniculatum – Magenta lillypilly, Magenta Cherry (Australia)
- Syzygium parameswaranii
- Syzygium patentinerve (endemic to Savai'i & Upolu islands in Samoa)[6]
- Syzygium papyraceum – Paperbark Satinash (Australia)
- Syzygium pauper
- Syzygium pendens
- Syzygium perakense
- Syzygium pergamentaceum
- Syzygium phaeophyllum
- Syzygium politum
- Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. – Indian bay leaf, Indonesian bay leaf, Salam leaf, daun salam, Indonesian laurel
- Syzygium pondoense
- Syzygium praineanum
- Syzygium pseudofastigiatum (Australia)
- Syzygium purpureum
- Syzygium quadrangulatum (A.Gray) Merr. & L.M.Perry
- Syzygium quadribracteatum
- Syzygium ramavarmae
- Syzygium revolutum
- Syzygium richii (A.Gray) Merr. & L.M.Perry
- Syzygium ridleyi
- Syzygium rotundifolium
- Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L. M. Perry – Java Apple, Makopa, Java rose apple, Samarang rose apple, Water apple, Wax jambu, Wax apple
- Syzygium sandwicensis (A.Gray) Nied. – ʻŌhiʻa ha[7]
- Syzygium scortechinii
- Syzygium seemannianum
- Syzygium seemannii (A.Gray) Biffin & Craven
- Syzygium smithii
- Syzygium spathulatum
- Syzygium stapfianum
- Syzygium stocksii
- Syzygium suborbiculare – Lady Apple
- Syzygium symingtonianum
- Syzygium syzygioides (Miq.) Merr. & L.M.Perry[8]
- Syzygium tahanense
- Syzygium tierneyanum – Bamaga Satinash
- Syzygium travancoricum
- Syzygium turbinatum
- Syzygium umbrosum
- Syzygium utilis
- Syzygium variolosum
- Syzygium wilsonii
- Syzygium wolfii
- Syzygium wrayi
- Syzygium wrightii
- Syzygium xerampelinum (Australia)
- Syzygium zeylanicum – Smaich (Cambodia)
Formerly placed in this genus[edit]
- Waterhousea floribunda (F.Muell.) B.Hyland (as S. floribundum F.Muell.)[9]
References[edit]
- ^ "Genus: Syzygium R. Br. ex Gaertn.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-01-27. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
- ^ "WCSP". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
- ^ Tuiwawa, S. H.; Craven, L. A.; Sam, C.; Crisp, M. D. (23 August 2013). "The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu" (PDF (free)). Blumea 58: 53–67. doi:10.3767/000651913x672271. Retrieved 29 Sep 2013.
- ^ a b Wrigley, John W.; Fagg, Murray A. (2003). Australian native plants: cultivation, use in landscaping and propagation (Fifth ed.). Australia: Reed New Holland. p. 696. ISBN 1 876334 90 8.
- ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 19 January 2014.
- ^ Whistler, W. Arthur (1978). "Vegetation of the Montane Region of Savai'i, Western Samoa". Pacific Science (The University Press of Hawai'i) 32 (1): 90. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ^ Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). "‘Ōhi‘a ha" (PDF). United States Forest Service.
- ^ Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A. (22 July 2013). "Catalogue of Life". Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- ^ "GRIN Species Records of Syzygium". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-01-26.
- Craven, Lyndley A.; Biffin, E. (April 2010). "An infrageneric classification of Syzygium (Myrtaceae)". Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 55 (1): 94–99. doi:10.3767/000651910x499303. Retrieved 3 Aug 2013.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syzygium&oldid=645097580 |