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Species
Solidago gigantea Aiton
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NCBI
EOL Text
Solidago gigantea is usually the least hairy species of the S. canadensis complex. The stems may be somewhat glaucous and the array is usually somewhat more open than in S. canadensis and S. altissima, and less leafy than S. lepida. Its blooming season begins and ends earlier than S. altissima in eastern North America. The species is diploid, mostly east of the Appalachian Mountains, tetraploid throughout the eastern forest area, and hexa-ploid on the prairies. The broader-leaved hexaploids on the prairies have been treated as S. shinnersii; G. H. Morton (1984) indicated that the differences are not diagnostic. Reports of hexaploids in the mountains from Alberta, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and northwestern Wyoming all have minute stipitate glands on the phyllaries, peduncle bracts, and sometimes the distalmost leaves; such plants belong in S. lepida, as do plants from British Columbia. Stems sometimes have 1–2 elongate insect galls near the base (S. Heard, pers. comm.). Although reported from much of Florida, specimens were seen only from Liberty County; all other collections are S. leavenworthii.
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Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242417286 |
Plant is 2-7' tall. (Hultman, 1978) Height at maturity is 8.2'. (USDA PLANTS, 2009)
Flowers Involucre (cluster of bracts around the flower) is 3.2-4 mm tall. (Peattie, 1930) Inflorescence is roughly 10". (UW, 2009)
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Rights holder/Author | Beck, Nicholas, Beck, Nicholas, Indiana Dunes Bioblitz |
Source | http://indianadunes.lifedesks.org/pages/87 |
Native American Uses: An infusion of leaves was used as a strong physic. The plant was used generally in medicine. An infusion of blossoms was used for various fevers. The stems were made into rough baskets. (UM, 2009)
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Rights holder/Author | Beck, Nicholas, Beck, Nicholas, Indiana Dunes Bioblitz |
Source | http://indianadunes.lifedesks.org/pages/87 |
Habit: Herb
Aster latissimifolius (Miller) Kuntze var. serotinus Kuntze; Doria dumetorum (Lunell) Lunell; D. pitcheri (Nuttall) Lunell; Solidago cleliae de Candolle; S. dumetorum Lunell; S. gigantea var. leiophylla Fernald; S. gigantea var. pitcheri (Nuttall) Shinners; S. gigantea subsp. serotina (Kuntze) McNeill; S. gigantea var. serotina (Kuntze) Cronquist; S. gigantea var. shinnersii Beaudry; S. pitcheri Nuttall; S. serotina Aiton 1789, not Retzius 1781; S. serotina var. gigantea (Aiton) A. Gray; S. serotina var. minor Hooker; S. serotinoides Á. Löve & D. Löve; S. shinnersii (Beaudry) Beaudry; S. somesii Rydberg
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Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242417286 |
This is the largest of the goldenrods. (Hultman, 1978) It looks similar to S. canadensis but S. gigantea has stems without real hairs and the bracts are greener. (UW, 2009)
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Rights holder/Author | Beck, Nicholas, Beck, Nicholas, Indiana Dunes Bioblitz |
Source | http://indianadunes.lifedesks.org/pages/87 |
This plant inhabits sandy copses, dunes, and roadside thickets. (Peattie, 1930) It is an inhabitant of moist, open thickets. (Hultman, 1978) It inhabits areas ranging from dry, moderate moisture, and wet. Habitat includes woods, meadows, prairies, and shores. (UW, 2009)
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Beck, Nicholas, Beck, Nicholas, Indiana Dunes Bioblitz |
Source | http://indianadunes.lifedesks.org/pages/87 |
Solidago gigantea (Giant Goldenrod)
(bees suck nectar or collect pollen; beetles feed on pollen & are non-pollinating; other insects suck nectar; some observations are from Robertson, otherwise they are from LaBerge, Moure & Hurd, Krombein et al., Graenicher, and Fothergill & Vaughn as indicated below)
Bees (long-tongued)
Apidae (Bombini): Bombus pensylvanica sn (Rb), Bombus vagans sn (Rb); Anthophoridae (Eucerini): Melissodes comptoides (LB), Melissodes rustica sn (Rb), Svastra obliqua obliqua (LB)
Bees (short-tongued)
Halictidae (Halictinae): Halictus rubicunda (MH); Andrenidae (Andreninae): Andrena simplex sn cp olg (Kr), Andrenidae (Panurginae): Calliopsis coloradensis (Kr), Heterosarus andrenoides sn cp (Rb)
Wasps
Sphecidae (Crabroninae): Ectemnius continuus sn (Rb)
Flies
Syrphidae: Brachypalpus cyanogaster (Gr), Eristalis flavipes (Gr), Orthonevra pictipennis (Gr), Palpada vinetorum (Gr), Spilomyia fusca (Gr), Spilomyia sayi sn (Rb, Gr), Xylota ejuncida (Gr)
Butterflies
Nymphalidae: Phyciodes tharos sn (FV); Lycaenidae: Strymon melinus sn (FV)
Moths
Noctuidae: Acontia aprica sn (FV); Yponomeutidae: Atteva punctella sn (FV)
Beetles
Cerambycidae: Megacyllene robiniae fp np (Rb)
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Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2015 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/flower_insects//plants/gt_goldenrod.htm |
The nectar and pollen of the flowerheads attract many kinds of insects, including bumblebees, digger bees (Melissodes, Svastra), Halictid bees, dagger bees (Calliopsis, Heterosarus), Andrenid bees, Syrphid flies, and wasps. Other insects have been observed to feed on the leaves and other parts of Giant Goldenrod. These species include several leaf beetles, specifically
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/wetland/plants/gt_goldenrod.htm |
Solidago gigantea is a plant species in the genus Solidago.[3] Its common names include tall goldenrod and giant goldenrod, in reference to its height of up to 2 m tall, rather large for the genus, smooth goldenrod[4] and early goldenrod.[5] It is a widespread species known from most of non-arctic North America east of the Rocky Mountains. It has been reported from every state and province from Alberta to Nova Scotia to Florida to Texas. [6]
Solidago gigantea is the state flower of Kentucky and Nebraska.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ Tropicos, Solidago gigantea
- ^ The Plant List, Solidago gigantea
- ^ Aiton, Hortus Kewensis 3: 211. 1789.
- ^ "Solidago gigantea". Flora of North America online. Retrieved 2014-11-08.
- ^ "BSBI List 2007" (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ Flora of North America v 20, p 156.
- ^ State of Kentucky
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Solidago gigantea. |
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Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solidago_gigantea&oldid=632948084 |