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Species
Setaria faberi Herrm. (1910)
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 5
Species With Barcodes: 1
Canada
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
United States
Rounded National Status Rank: NNA - Not Applicable
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Setaria+faberi |
Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Setaria+faberi |
Setaria faberi, the Giant Foxtail, also known as Chinese foxtail, Chinese millet, giant bristlegrass, or nodding foxtail, is an Asian grass. It is a summer annual, with plants emerging from seeds in the spring, and setting seeds in the late summer or fall.
Giant foxtails prefer compacted soils, high in nitrogen and phosphorus. The plant gains a competitive edge on crops as the soil pH increases.
As a weed[edit]
Giant foxtail has been introduced to North America, where it is a widespread weed. It is a significant pest of corn, reducing crop yields by 13-14% at average plant distributions. Mechanical control of giant foxtails by night tillage, rotary hoeing, or flaming is very difficult. Crop rotation with two years of alfalfa effectively reduces giant foxtail populations. Herbicides can effectively control the plant when it is growing amongst broadleaf crops, but are less effective when it is infesting corn.[2]
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Setaria faberi. |
- ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 13 December 2014.
- ^ A. Davis, K. Renner, C. Sprague, L. Dyer, D. Mutch (2005). Integrated Weed Management. MSU.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Setaria_faberi&oldid=637954582 |
This robust, annual species is frequently confused with large forms of Setaria viridis, but has broader, acute spikelets and a shorter upper glume clearly exposing the tip of the upper lemma.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242348780 |
Because of its large size and long nodding seedheads, mature plants of Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi) are quite conspicuous. It is one of several foxtail grasses (Setaria spp.) that are weedy summer annuals. Giant Foxtail is larger in size than most foxtail grasses that occur in Illinois, and its seedheads are long and conspicuously nodding. Most foxtail grasses in the state have seedheads that are straight or nod slightly. The bristly hairs of Giant Foxtail's seedheads are always green before they become light brown or straw-colored. In contrast, young bristly hairs of Yellow Foxtail's seedheads (Setaria glauca) are always yellow and those of Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) are sometimes purple. Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica), in contrast, is very similar to Giant Foxtail in most of these characteristics, except it is somewhat larger in size. Foxtail Millet tends to have longer seedheads (up to 12" in length), longer culms (up to 6' in length), and wider leaf blades (up to 1¼" or 30 mm. across). While its seedheads often nod like those of Giant Foxtail, they are more stout in appearance because their lateral branches are longer. Sometimes, this provides them with a lumpy or lobed appearance that the seedheads of Giant Foxtail don't possess.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/grasses/plants/giant_foxtail.htm |
This grass is a summer annual about 2-4' tall. It often branches near the base, sending up multiple culms that are erect to ascending. The culms are light green, glabrous, and terete; several alternate leaves occur along the length of each culm. The leaf blades are up to 15" long and ¾" (20 mm.) across; they are light to medium green, linear in shape, and rather floppy. The upper surface of each leaf blade often has scattered fine hairs that are stiff, appressed, and bristly; sometimes the upper surface is shiny and nearly hairless. The margins of the leaf blades are rough-textured from minute teeth. The leaf sheaths are light green, fine pubescent to hairless, and open; they are often ciliate along their margins. Each ligule at the junction of sheath and blade consists of a ring-like tuft of white hairs up to 3 mm. long. Each stem terminates in a spike-like panicle of florets about 3-6" long. These spike-like panicles are nodding and very bristly in appearance; they are initially light green, but later become light brown to straw-colored. The lateral branchs of each panicle are very short and inconspicuous; each branch ultimately terminates in a few ovoid spikelets on short pedicels. Each spikelet has a pair of glumes, a fertile lemma with a floret, and 1-3 bristly hairs that originate from the base of the spikelet. The first glume is about 1 mm. long, the second glume is about 2 mm. long, the fertile lemma is about 3 mm. long, and the bristly hairs are up to ½" (12 mm.) long. The floret of each spikelet has an ovary, 3 stamens, and a pair of feathery stigmas. The blooming period occurs from mid-summer to autumn; the florets are wind-pollinated. Afterwards, the florets are replaced by grains that are about 2.75 mm. long, 1.75 mm. across, and 1.00 mm. thick; these grains are ovoid in shape, flattened along one side, and pale-colored. The root system consists of a shallow tuft of fibrous roots. This grass reproduces by reseeding itself. It often forms colonies of varying size. Cultivation
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/grasses/plants/giant_foxtail.htm |
The non-native Giant Foxtail is a common grass that occurs in every county of Illinois (see Distribution Map). It was introduced into the United States from East Asia during the 1920's, probably in contaminated shipments of grain. This grass soon appeared in Illinois, where it has spread relentlessly ever since. Habitats include weedy meadows, degraded savannas, gravel bars in rivers, banks of drainage canals, fallow fields, cropland, landfills, mined land, construction sites, vacant lots, junk yards, sunny fence rows, edges of yards, gardens, areas along railroads, roadsides, and waste land. Areas with a history of disturbance are strongly preferred.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/grasses/plants/giant_foxtail.htm |
Canada
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
United States
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Setaria+faberi |
Annuals, Terrestrial, not aquatic, Stems trailing, spreading or prostrate, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes solid or spongy, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems with inflorescence 1-2 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath hairy, hispid or prickly, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades 1-2 cm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Ligule present, Ligule a fringe of hairs, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence a dense slender spike-like panicle or raceme, branches contracted, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm , Inflorescence lax, widely spreading, branches drooping, pendulous, Inflorescence spike linear or cylindric, several times longer than wide, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets sessile or subsessile, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelet with 1 fertile floret and 1-2 sterile florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Spikelets all subtended by bristles, Spikelet bristles 1-3, Spikelet bracts bristles not disarticulating with spikelets, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer than spikelet, Glumes 3 nerved, Glumes 4-7 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma becoming indurate, enclosing palea and caryopsis, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma rugose, with cross wrinkles, or roughened, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma awnless, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea shorter than lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Compiled from several sources by Dr. David Bogler, Missouri Botanical Garden in collaboration with the USDA NRCS NPDC |
Source | http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SEFA |