Setaria

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Setaria sphacelata:

Setaria sphacelata is a tall African grass, also known as South African pigeon grass and African bristlegrass.[2] It is native to tropical and subtropical Africa, and is extensively cultivated globally as a pasture grass and for cut fodder.[2][3] This is a rhizomatous perennial grass producing flattened, hairless, blue-green stems up to 2 m tall. The inflorescence is a dense, narrow panicle of bristly, orange-tinged spikelets up to 25 cm long.[2]

In Africa, Setaria sphacelata seed heads are an important food source for several bird species, including the Long-tailed Widowbird.[4]

Commercial cultivars have been developed for various climates and soil conditions. All cultivars are high in oxalate, making them generally unsuitable for horses. Recognised pests in cultivation include the buffel grass seed caterpillar (Mampava rhodoneura) and the fungus Pyricularia trisa.[5]

Setaria sphacelata has become naturalised in many countries and is a significant environmental weed in three Australian states.[2][3][6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 14 December 2014. 
  2. ^ a b c d "Weeds of Australia". Biosecurity Queensland. Retrieved 1 February 2014. 
  3. ^ a b "Tropical Forages Factsheet". Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Retrieved 1 February 2014. 
  4. ^ Hockey P., Dean W. and Ryan P. (2005). Roberts - Birds of southern Africa, VIIth ed. The Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town.
  5. ^ "Setaria for coastal pastures". NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia. Retrieved 1 February 2014. 
  6. ^ "Warblers in the Mist". Australian Rainforest Conservation Society. Retrieved 1 February 2014. 
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Sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Setaria_sphacelata&oldid=638054196

Setaria (roundworm):

Setaria is a genus of parasitic roundworms that infect domesticated mammals such as pigs, camels, cattle and horses.[1] Some species also infect wild mammals such as deer and antelope. The genus consists of about 43 species. Members of the genus are uniquely parasites in the abdominal cavity of the body. They are mostly large-sized roundworms, possessing an elaborate head (cephalic) region that is characterised by spines, presence of four lips, and well-guarded mouth.[2][3] Little is known about their pathogenic effects, but some are known to affect nervous system and eye. The larval infective forms are transmitted from one animal to another by the bite of mosquitoes and flies. In addition Setaria marshalli can be transmitted from the womb to new-born calf.[4]

Species[edit]

Some important species of the genus are:

  • Setaria cervi which are parasites of buffalo, bison, deer and antelope. They are capable of migrating to central nervous system causing serious neurological disease. They are found worldwide and predominantly in Europe and Asia. Stable fly Haematobia stimulans is the major vector.
  • Setaria digitata which are parasites of cattle in Asia. It was introduced to Mauritius. Different species of mosquitoes including those of Aedes, Culex and Anopheles are vectors. In central Japan Anopheles sinensis is the major vector.
  • Setaria equina which are parasites of horses, mules, and donkeys, and also capable of infecting cattle and camels. Mosquito species of Aedes are the primary vectors. They are most prevalent in Kenya.
  • Setaria javensis which are parasites of mouse-deer in Malaysia. They are transmitted by Aedes togoi.
  • Setaria labiotapapillosa which are parasites of cattle, as well as other domesticated animals. Aedes togoi and Anopheles hyrcanus are the vectors in Japan, while Mansonia spp. are vectors in Kenya, and Aedes caspius in Italy.
  • Setaria marshalli which are parasites of cattle.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Cheng, Thomas C. (1986). General Parasitology (2nd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier Science. p. 546. ISBN 978-0-3231-4010-2. 
  2. ^ Shoho, Chuzaburo; Uni, Shigehiko (1977). "Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of some Setaria species (Filarioidea, Nematoda)". Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 53 (1): 93–104. doi:10.1007/BF00383119. 
  3. ^ Rhee, J K; Choi, E Y; Park, B K; Jang, B G (1994). "Application of scanning electron microscopy in assessing the prevalence of some Setaria species in Korean cattle". The Korean Journal of Parasitology 32 (1): 1. doi:10.3347/kjp.1994.32.1.1. 
  4. ^ Anderson, R.C. (2000). Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates Their Development and Transmission (2nd ed.). Wallingford: CAB International. pp. 479–482. ISBN 978-0-8519-9786-5. 
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Sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Setaria_(roundworm)&oldid=612848581

Description:

Annuals or perennials. Leaves flat or folded, sometimes plicate. Ligule usually a ciliate rim. Inflorescence usually a panicle, either open or dense and spike-like; the spikelets subtended by 1 or more bristles which persist on the axis after the spikelets fall. Spikelets oblong to ovate, ± plano-convex, awnless; glumes unequal, the lower generally much smaller, ovate from a clasping base; lower floret male or barren, as long as the spikelet, herbaceous; upper lemma crustaceous, strongly convex on the back, often rugose.

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorMark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe
Sourcehttp://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=202

Depth range based on 16 specimens in 3 taxa.

Environmental ranges
  Depth range (m): 0.5 - 1

Graphical representation

Depth range (m): 0.5 - 1
 
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.

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Rights holder/AuthorOcean Biogeographic Information System
Sourcehttp://www.iobis.org/mapper/?taxon_id=793434

Associations:

Foodplant / miner
larva of Agromyza nigrella mines leaf of Setaria

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Rights holder/AuthorBioImages, BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK)
Sourcehttp://www.bioimages.org.uk/html/Setaria.htm

Statistics of barcoding coverage:

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:314
Specimens with Sequences:359
Specimens with Barcodes:253
Species:48
Species With Barcodes:42
Public Records:106
Public Species:22
Public BINs:0

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorSujeevan Ratnasingham, Paul D.N. Hebert, Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)
Sourcehttp://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=121525

Barcode data:

Access Published & Released Data: Download FASTA File

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorSujeevan Ratnasingham, Paul D.N. Hebert, Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)
Sourcehttp://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=121525

Setaria:

Setaria is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family.[5][6]

The name is derived from the Latin word seta, meaning "bristle" or "hair", which refers to the bristly spikelets.[7]

The genus includes over 100 species distributed in many tropical and temperate regions around the world,[8] and members are commonly known as foxtail or bristle grasses.[2][9][10][11][12][13]

Several species are cultivated for food or as animal fodder, such as foxtail millet (S. italica) and korali (S. pumila), while others are invasive weeds.[14]Setaria viridis is currently being developed as a genetic model system for bioenergy grasses.

Species[15][4][16][17]
  1. Setaria acromelaena
  2. Setaria alonsoi Pensiero & A.M.Anton
  3. Setaria apiculata (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
  4. Setaria appendiculata (Hack.) Stapf
  5. Setaria arizonica Rominger
  6. Setaria atrata Hack. ex Engl.
  7. Setaria australiensis – scrub pigeon grass
  8. Setaria austrocaledonica
  9. Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth – bristly foxtail grass, corn grass, Mary grass
  10. Setaria barbinodis R.A.W.Herrm.
  11. Setaria bathiei A.Camus
  12. Setaria cernua Kunth
  13. Setaria chondrachne (Steud.) Honda
  14. Setaria cinerea T. Koyama
  15. Setaria clivalis (Ridl.) Veldkamp
  16. Setaria cordobensis R.A.W.Herrm.
  17. Setaria corrugata (Elliott) Schult.
  18. Setaria dielsii R.A.W.Herrm.
  19. Setaria elementii (Domin) R.D. Webster
  20. Setaria faberi R.A.W.Herrm. - giant foxtail, Chinese foxtail
  21. Setaria fiebrigii R.A.W.Herrm.
  22. Setaria finita Launert
  23. Setaria forbesiana (Nees ex Steud.) Hook.f.
  24. Setaria globulifera (Steud.) Griseb.
  25. Setaria gracillima Hook.f.
  26. Setaria grandis Stapf
  27. Setaria grisebachii E.Fourn.
  28. Setaria guizhouensis S.L.Chen & G.Y.Sheng
  29. Setaria hassleri Hack.
  30. Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov.
  31. Setaria humbertiana A.Camus
  32. Setaria hunzikeri Anton
  33. Setaria incrassata (Hochst.) Hack. – Vlei bristlegrass
  34. Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult.
  35. Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. – foxtail millet, dwarf setaria, Italian millet
  36. Setaria jaffrei Morat
  37. Setaria kagerensis Mez
  38. Setaria lachnea (Nees) Kunth
  39. Setaria latifolia (Scribn.) R.A.W.Herrm.
  40. Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum. – plains bristle grass, streambed bristle grass
  41. Setaria liebmannii E.Fourn.
  42. Setaria lindenbergiana (Nees) Stapf
  43. Setaria longipila E.Fourn.
  44. Setaria longiseta P.Beauv.
  45. Setaria macrosperma (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
  46. Setaria macrostachya Kunth
  47. Setaria madecassa A.Camus
  48. Setaria magna Griseb. – giant bristle grass
  49. Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz – broad-leaved bristle grass, ribbon bristle grass
  50. Setaria mendocina Phil.
  51. Setaria mildbraedii C.E.Hubb.
  52. Setaria montana Reeder
  53. Setaria nepalense (Spreng.) Müll. Stuttg.
  54. Setaria nicorae Pensiero
  55. Setaria nigrirostris (Nees) T.Durand & Schinz – black-seed bristle grass
  56. Setaria oblongata (Griseb.) Parodi
  57. Setaria obscura de Wit
  58. Setaria oplismenoides R.A.W.Herrm.
  59. Setaria orthosticha K.Schum. ex R.A.W.Herrm.
  60. Setaria palmeri Henrard
  61. Setaria palmifolia (J.Koenig) Stapf – palm grass, highland pitpit
  62. Setaria pampeana Parodi ex Nicora
  63. Setaria paraguayensis Pensiero
  64. Setaria parodii Nicora
  65. Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen – knotroot bristle grass, slender pigeon grass
  66. Setaria paspalidioides Vickery
  67. Setaria pauciflora Linden ex Herrm.
  68. Setaria paucifolia (Morong) Lindm.
  69. Setaria perrieri A.Camus
  70. Setaria petiolata Stapf & C.E.Hubb.
  71. Setaria pflanzii Pensiero
  72. Setaria plicata
  73. Setaria poiretiana – grama negra, gramalote sacha
  74. Setaria pseudaristata (Peter) Pilg.
  75. Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. – yellow foxtail
  76. Setaria queenslandica Domin
  77. Setaria restioidea (Franch.) Stapf
  78. Setaria rigida Stapf
  79. Setaria roemeri Jansen
  80. Setaria rosengurttii (Nicora)
  81. Setaria sagittifolia (A.Rich.) Walp.
  82. Setaria scabrifolia (Nees) Kunth
  83. Setaria scandens Schrad.
  84. Setaria scheelei (Steud.) Hitchc. – southwestern bristle grass
  85. Setaria scottii (Hack.) A.Camus
  86. Setaria seriata Stapf
  87. Setaria setosa (Sw.) P.Beauv.
  88. Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb. – African bristle grass, South African pigeon grass
  89. Setaria stolonifera Boldrini
  90. Setaria submacrostachya Luces
  91. Setaria sulcata Raddi
  92. Setaria surgens Stapf
  93. Setaria tenacissima Schrad.
  94. Setaria tenax (Rich.) Desv.
  95. Setaria texana Emery
  96. Setaria vaginata Spreng.
  97. Setaria vatkeana K.Schum.
  98. Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. – bristly foxtail
  99. Setaria villosissima (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
  100. Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv. – green foxtail
  101. Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. – plains bristle grass
  102. Setaria welwitschii Rendle
  103. Setaria yunnanensis Keng f. & K.D.Yu
formerly included[4]

numerous species once considered members of Setaria but now regarded as better suited to other genera: Brachiaria Dissochondrus Echinochloa Holcolemma Ixophorus Oplismenus Panicum Paspalidium Pennisetum Pseudoraphis Setariopsis Urochloa

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Setaria.
Wikispecies has information related to: Setaria
  1. ^ Tropicos, Setaria Ach. ex Michx.
  2. ^ a b "Genus: Setaria P. Beauv.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Retrieved 2013-11-16. 
  3. ^ lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22(3): 156 (1920)
  4. ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ^ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie page 51 in Latin
  6. ^ Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie plate XIII (13), figure III (3) line drawing of Setaria viridis
  7. ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Vol. 4: R-Q. CRC Press. p. 2470. ISBN 0-8493-2673-7. 
  8. ^ Aliscioni, S., et al. An overview of the genus Setaria (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) in the Old World: Systematic revision and phylogenetic approach. Abstract. Botany 2004. Salt Lake City. August 3, 2004.
  9. ^ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 1, 499, 531 狗尾草属 gou wei cao shu Setaria P. Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 51. 1812
  10. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  11. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana
  12. ^ Atlas of Living Australia
  13. ^ Sanbi Red List of South African Plants
  14. ^ Dekker, Jack. "4". In Inderjit. Weed Biology and Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 65–67. ISBN 9781402017612. 
  15. ^ The Plant List search for Setaria
  16. ^ "Setaria". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2013-11-16. 
  17. ^ "GRIN Species Records of Setaria". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-03. 
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Sourcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Setaria&oldid=648811117

Description:

Tufted perennial grass, up to 2 m. Inflorescence a spike-like panicle. Spikelets pale-purplish with golden bristles.

Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Rights holder/AuthorMark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe
Sourcehttp://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=107280

National Distribution:
United States

Origin: Exotic

Regularity: Regularly occurring

Currently: Unknown/Undetermined

Confidence: Confident

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Rights holder/AuthorNatureServe
Sourcehttp://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Setaria+sphacelata
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith