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Species
Lygodium
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NCBI
EOL Text
Plants terrestrial, climber. Rhizome horizontal creeping, slender, dichotomously branched. Fronds climbing, numerous, dimorphic, specialised fertile pinnae with strongly reduced lamina parts bearing aggregated sporangia in marginal spike-like masses; with a slender twisting indeterminate rhachis, stipe cylindric, rhachis cylindrical to slightly flattened adaxially. Indumentum composed of single uniseriate hairs confined to the frond axes and veins, veins free. The climbing stem is in fact the stipe and the rhachis of an elongated frond. Secondary rhachis branches absent or present, alternate, dichotomously branched, with an arrested apical bud in each bifurcation. Pinnae borne in pairs along the secondary rhachis. Pinnae pinnate to 3-pinnatifid. Sporangia borne along the margins of pinnule lobes, borne seperately in 2 rows at the veins endings, each sporangium subtended by an indusia-like flange covering it abaxially, homosporous.
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Rights holder/Author | Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe |
Source | http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=20 |
Lygodium
Helechos terrestres; rizomas rastreros, cortos, ramificados, pubescentes. Frondas monomorfas, alargadas, de crecimiento indeterminado, trepadoras con raquis voluble; pinnas bifurcadas, con un brote latente en el ápice del peciolulo; pínnulas secundarias alternas con nervios libres o areolados. Esporangios piriformes, con un anillo apical, individuales, (no agrupados en soros), naciendo en los ápices de los nervios, dispuestos en 2 hileras sobre proyecciones marginales de la lámina. Género con alrededor de 40 especies, en su gran mayoría tropicales, el 75% de ellas del Viejo Mundo.
Lygodium
Terrestrial ferns; rhizomes creeping, short, branched, pubescent. Fronds monomorphic, elongate, with indeterminate growth, climbing with twining rachis; pinnae bifurcate, with a latent shoot at the apex of the petiolule; secondary pinnules alternate, with free veins or areolate. Sporangia pear-shaped, with an apical annulus, individual (not clustered in sori), borne at the apices of the veins, arranged in 2 rows on marginal projections of the blade. A genus of about 40 species, the great majority tropical, 75% of them of the Old World.
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:37
Specimens with Sequences:33
Specimens with Barcodes:30
Species:15
Species With Barcodes:14
Public Records:31
Public Species:13
Public BINs:0
Lygodium (climbing fern) is a genus of about 40 species of ferns, native to tropical regions across the world, with a few temperate species in eastern Asia and eastern North America. It is the sole genus in the family Lygodiaceae, though included in the family Schizaeaceae by some botanists.
They are unusual in that the rachis, or midrib, of the frond is thin, flexible, and long, the frond unrolling with indeterminate growth and the rachis twining around supports, so that each frond forms a distinct vine. The fronds may be from 3-12 m long, depending on the species.
Some Lygodium species are now considered very problematic invasive weeds in the southeastern United States. Populations of Lygodium have increased more than 12-fold over the past decade, as noted by Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.[1]
Japanese climbing fern (Lygodium japonicum) was added to the Florida Noxious Weed List in 1999. It is also a major problem in pine plantations, causing contamination and harvesting problems for the pine straw industry. Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) infests cypress swamps and other hydric sites, forming a monoculture. This massive infestation displaces all native flora and fauna, completely changing the ecosystem of the area.[2]
Plants in this genus have basal chromosome counts of n=28, 29, 30.
Extracts[edit]
The aqueous ethanol extract of spores of Lygodium japonicum showed in vitro testosterone 5α-reductase inhibitory activity and in vivo anti-androgenic activity using growth of flank organ in castrated Syrian hamsters and hair regrowth after shaving in testosterone-treated C57Black/6CrSlc mice. From the lipophilic constituents of the spores, the common fatty acids oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid were identified as the main active principles inhibiting testosterone 5α-reductase.[3]
Selected species[edit]
- Lygodium articulatum – New Zealand (North Island).[4]
- Lygodium circinatum – Tropical Asia and Australasia.
- Lygodium conforme – China.
- Lygodium cubense – Cuba, Hispaniola.
- Lygodium digitatum – China.
- Lygodium flexuosum – Southern China south to northern Australasia, Kerala(South India).
- Lygodium japonicum – Japanese climbing fern. Eastern Asia south to northern Australia.
- Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. – Old World climbing fern. Africa, south Asia and Australia.
- Lygodium microstachyum – China.
- Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Swartz – American climbing fern. Eastern United States (rare, confined to acid soils).
- Lygodium polystachyum – China.
- Lygodium reticulatum – Australia, Polynesia.
- Lygodium salicifolium – Southern China south to northern Australasia.
- Lygodium subareolatum – China.
- Lygodium trifurcatum – Tropical southeast Asia south to northern Australasia.
- Lygodium volubile – Northern South America, Central America, Caribbean.
- Lygodium versteeghii – Tropical southeast Asia south to northern Australasia.
- Lygodium yunnanense – Southern China.
References and External Links[edit]
- ^ "SS-AGR-21/AG122: Natural Area Weeds: Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum)". Edis.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
- ^ "Japanese climbing fern—Lygodium japonicum | Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants". Plants.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
- ^ Matsuda H., Yamazaki M., Naruto S., Asanuma Y., Kubo M. (2002). "Anti-androgenic and hair growth promoting activities of Lygodii Spora (spore of Lygodium japonicum) I. Active constituents inhibiting testosterone 5α-reductase". Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 25 (5): 622–626. doi:10.1248/bpb.25.622.
- ^ "Flora of New Zealand | General Profile | Lygodium articulatum". Nzflora.info. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lygodium. |
- Flora of North America: Lygodium
- "Lygodium Sw.". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Fern. Encyclopedia of Earth. eds. Saikat Basu and C.Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC.
- Flora of China: Lygodium species list
- Species Profile- Japanese Climbing Fern (Lygodium japonicum), National Invasive Species Information Center, United States National Agricultural Library. Lists general information and resources for Japanese Climbing Fern.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lygodium&oldid=617004248 |