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Species
Grevillea
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, variously and sometimes deeply pinnatifid. Inflorescence many-flowered (in ours). Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, paired in the axil of each bract. Ovules 2. Fruit a follicle. Seeds winged.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings, Flora of Zimbabwe |
Source | http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/genus.php?genus_id=1585 |
Foodplant / spinner
caterpillar of Cacoecimorpha pronubana spins live leaf of Grevillea
Foodplant / sap sucker
Rhizoecus sucks sap of live stem base of Grevillea
Other: major host/prey
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | BioImages, BioImages - the Virtual Fieldguide (UK) |
Source | http://www.bioimages.org.uk/html/Grevillea.htm |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:36
Specimens with Sequences:45
Specimens with Barcodes:43
Species:13
Species With Barcodes:13
Public Records:15
Public Species:8
Public BINs:0
Grevillea /ɡrɨˈvɪliə/[1] is a diverse genus of about 360 species of evergreen flowering plants in the protea family Proteaceae, native to rainforest and more open habitats in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Indonesia and Sulawesi.[2] It was named in honour of Charles Francis Greville. The species range from prostrate shrubs less than 50 cm (20 in) tall to trees 35 m (115 ft) tall. Common names include grevillea, spider flower, silky oak and toothbrush plant. Closely related to the genus Hakea, the genus gives its name to the subfamily Grevilleoideae.
The brightly coloured, petal-less flowers consist of a calyx tube that splits into 4 lobes with long styles.[2]
They are good bird-attracting plants, honeyeaters in particular are common visitors. They are also used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the Dryandra Moth and the Pieris rapae or the Small White
Contents
Cultivation[edit]
Many species of grevilleas are popular garden plants, especially in Australia but also in other temperate and subtropical climates. Many grevilleas have a propensity to interbreed freely, and extensive hybridisation and selection of horticulturally desirable attributes has led to the commercial release of many named cultivars. Among the best known is 'Robyn Gordon', a small shrub up to 1.5 m (5 ft) high and wide which can flower 12 months of the year in subtropical climates. The cultivar 'Canberra Gem' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[3]
They can be grown from soft tip cuttings from December–March (in the Southern Hemisphere) or seed. Many harder-to-grow species can be grafted onto hardy rootstock such as Grevillea robusta.
There is an active Grevillea Study Group in the Australian Native Plants Society for people interested in Grevilleas, both for uses in horticulture and for conservation in the wild.
Uses[edit]
Traditional Aboriginal use[edit]
Grevillea flowers were a traditional favourite among Aborigines for their sweet nectar. This could be shaken onto the hand to enjoy, or into a coolamon with a little water to make a sweet drink. They might be referred to as the original "bush lollies".
Drinking nectar direct from the flower is best avoided as some commonly cultivated Grevillea species produce flowers containing toxic cyanide.[4][5]
Colonial furniture[edit]
A Grevillea wood veneer was used on a Pembroke table, a small table with two drawers and folding sides, made in the 1790s for Commissioner of the Royal Navy, Sir Andrew Snape Hamond. The timber from which the veneer was made, referred to as 'beef wood', was sent from Port Jackson by Surgeon-General John White, who arrived in the new penal colony of Australia with the First Fleet. This table is in the collection of the National Museum of Australia in Canberra.[6]
Species[edit]
There are over 350 species which are endemic to Australia, including the following:
- Grevillea acanthifolia A.Cunn.
- Grevillea alpina Lindl.
- Grevillea annulifera F.Muell.
- Grevillea aquifolium Lindl.
- Grevillea arenaria R.Br.
- Grevillea argyrophylla Meisn.
- Grevillea armigera Meisn.
- Grevillea asparagoides Meisn.
- Grevillea aspera R.Br.
- Grevillea aspleniifolia R.Br. ex Knight
- Grevillea australis R.Br.
- Grevillea banksii R.Br.
- Grevillea barklyana F.Muell. ex Benth.
- Grevillea baueri R.Br.
- Grevillea beadleana McGill.
- Grevillea bedggoodiana J.H.Willis ex McGill.
- Grevillea bipinnatifida R.Br.
- Grevillea brachystylis Meisn.
- Grevillea bracteosa Meisn.
- Grevillea buxifolia (Sm.) R.Br.
- Grevillea bronwenae Keighery
- Grevillea caleyi R.Br.
- Grevillea candelabroides C.A.Gardner
- Grevillea candicans C.A.Gardner
- Grevillea celata Molyneux
- Grevillea centristigma (McGill.) Keighery
- Grevillea chrysophaea F.Muell. ex Meisn.
- Grevillea concinna R.Br.
- Grevillea confertifolia F.Muell.
- Grevillea crithmifolia R.Br.
- Grevillea corrugata Olde & Marriott
- Grevillea curviloba McGill.
- Grevillea depauperata R.Br.
- Grevillea dielsiana C.A.Gardner
- Grevillea didymobotrya Meisn.
- Grevillea dimidiata F.Muell.
- Grevillea drummondii (W.Fitzg.) McGill.
- Grevillea dryophylla N.A.Wakef.
- Grevillea endlicheriana Meisn.
- Grevillea erectiloba F.Muell.
- Grevillea eriostachya Lindl.
- Grevillea excelsior Diels
- Grevillea fasciculata R.Br.
- Grevillea fililoba (McGill.) Olde & Marriott
- Grevillea flexuosa (Lindl.) Meisn.
- Grevillea floribunda R.Br.
- Grevillea floripendula R.V.Sm.
- Grevillea georgeana McGill.
- Grevillea heliosperma R.Br.
- Grevillea hilliana F.Muell.
- Grevillea hookerianaMeisn.
- Grevillea huegelii Meisn.
- Grevillea humifusa Olde & Marriott
- Grevillea ilicifolia (R.Br.) R.Br.
- Grevillea infecunda McGill.
- Grevillea intricata Meisn.
- Grevillea involucrata A.S.George
- Grevillea johnsonii McGill.
- Grevillea juniperina R.Br.
- Grevillea lanigera A.Cunn. ex R.Br.
- Grevillea laurifolia Sieber ex Spreng.
- Grevillea lavandulacea Schltdl.
- Grevillea leptopoda McGill.
- Grevillea leucopteris Meisn.
- Grevillea levis Olde & Marriott
- Grevillea linearifolia (Cav.) Druce
- Grevillea longifolia R.Br.
- Grevillea manglesii (Graham) Planch.
- Grevillea microstegia Molyneux
- Grevillea mimosoides R.Br.
- Grevillea miniata W.Fitzg.
- Grevillea miqueliana F.Muell.
- Grevillea montis-cole R.V.Sm.
- Grevillea mucronulata R.Br.
- Grevillea nudiflora Meisn.
- Grevillea obtecta Molyneux
- Grevillea obtusifolia Meisn.
- Grevillea oleoides Sieber ex Schult. & Schult.f.
- Grevillea olivacea A.S.George
- Grevillea oxyantha Makinson
- Grevillea paniculata Meisn.
- Grevillea parallela Knight
- Grevillea petrophiloides Meisn.
- Grevillea pilosa A.S.George
- Grevillea pilulifera (Lindl.) Druce
- Grevillea pimeleoides W.Fitzg.
- Grevillea pinaster Meisn.
- Grevillea polybotrya Meisn.
- Grevillea preissii Meisn.
- Grevillea pteridifolia Knight
- Grevillea pyramidalis A.Cunn. ex R.Br.
- Grevillea quercifolia R.Br.
- Grevillea ramosissima Meisn.
- Grevillea refracta R.Br.
- Grevillea repens F.Muell. ex Meisn.
- Grevillea ripicola A.S.George
- Grevillea rhyolitica Makinson
- Grevillea rivularis L.A.S.Johnson & McGill.
- Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br.
- Grevillea rosmarinifolia A.Cunn.
- Grevillea saccata Benth.
- Grevillea scapigera A.S.George
- Grevillea sericea (Sm.) R.Br.
- Grevillea shiressii Blakely
- Grevillea speciosa (Knight) McGill.
- Grevillea steiglitziana N.A.Wakef.
- Grevillea striata R.Br.
- Grevillea synapheae R.Br.
- Grevillea tetragonoloba Meisn.
- Grevillea thelemanniana Hügel ex Endl.
- Grevillea thyrsoides Meisn.
- Grevillea triloba Meisn.
- Grevillea triternata R.Br.
- Grevillea umbellulata Meisn.
- Grevillea treueriana F.Muell.
- Grevillea vestita (Endl.) Meisn.
- Grevillea victoriae F.Muell.
- Grevillea whiteana McGill.
- Grevillea wickhamii Meisn.
- Grevillea wilsonii A.Cunn.
- Grevillea × gaudichaudii R.Br. ex Gaudich.
Five species are endemic to areas outside Australia. Three of these - G. exul., G. gillivrayi, and G. meisneri are endemic to New Caledonia while G. elbertii and G. papuana are endemic to Sulawesi and New Guinea respectively. Two other species, G. baileyana and G. glauca, occur in both New Guinea and Queensland.
Gallery[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ^ a b RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
- ^ "Grevillea 'Canberra Gem' AGM". RHS Plant Finder. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
- ^ McKenzie, R., Cyanide, Strychnine Bush and Other Poisonous Hazards in the Queensland Flora: Have We Progressed Since C.T.White?, C.T.White Memorial Lecture for 2002 [1]
- ^ Everist, S.L., Poisonous Plants of Australia, Angus & Robertson, 1974.
- ^ First Fleet Table, National Museum of Australia
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grevillea&oldid=629977802 |