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Species
Cenchrus
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Cenchrus is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family.[6][4] Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.[7][8]
Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur. Such names allude to the sharp, spine-covered burrs characterizing the inflorescences of the members of the genus.[9]
Some botanists include the genus within the related genus Pennisetum.
- Cenchrus abyssinicus (Hack.) Morrone - Ethiopia, Tanzania, Yemen, Limpopo, Mpumalanga
- Cenchrus agrimonioides Trin. – kāmanomano - Hawaiian Islands
- Cenchrus arnhemicus (F.Muell.) Morrone - Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
- Cenchrus biflorus Roxb. – kram-kram - Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, Madagascar
- Cenchrus brevisetosus (B.K.Simon) B.K.Simon - Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
- Cenchrus brownii Roem. & Schult. - North + South America, West Indies
- Cenchrus caliculatus Cav. - Australia, New Zealand, assorted islands in Pacific + Indian Oceans
- Cenchrus ciliaris L. – buffelgrass - Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, Sicily; naturalized in parts of North + South America, Southeast Asia, various islands; considered noxious weed in some places
- Cenchrus distichophyllus - Cuba
- Cenchrus echinatus L. – common sandbur - North + South America, West Indies; naturalized in pats of Africa, southern Asia, various islands
- Cenchrus elymoides - Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
- Cenchrus gracillimus Nash - West Indies, southeastern USA
- Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fern. – mat sandbur - Canada, USA, Mexico
- Cenchrus mitis Andersson - Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Mozambique
- Cenchrus multiflorus J.Presl - Mexico, Central America
- Cenchrus myosuroides Kunth - North + South America, West Indies
- Cenchrus palmeri Vasey - Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Arizona
- Cenchrus pennisetiformis Steud. - Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent
- Cenchrus pilosus Kunth - from central Mexico to northern Chile
- Cenchrus platyacanthus Andersson - Galápagos
- Cenchrus prieurii - Sahara, Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar
- Cenchrus robustus - Queensland, New South Wales
- Cenchrus setiger Vahl - Sahara, East Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, Andaman & Nicobar
- Cenchrus somalensis - Somalia
- Cenchrus spinifex Cav. – coastal sandbur - North + South America, West Indies
- Cenchrus tribuloides L. – sanddune sandbur - North + South America, West Indies
- Formerly included[5]
several species now considered better suited to other genera: Anthephora Centotheca Dactyloctenium Echinaria Echinolaena Hackelochloa Hilaria Pennisetum Phragmites Scleria Setaria Trachys Tragus Tribolium
§See also[edit]
§References[edit]
- ^ Line drawing of Cenchrus longispinus from the USDA PLANTS Database. Source: http://plants.usda.gov/java/largeImage?imageID=ceca6_001_avd.tif Original source: USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. Illustrated flora of the northern states and Canada. Vol. 1: 167.
- ^ a b "Genus: Cenchrus L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1999-03-09. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- ^ lectotype designated by Green, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 193 (1929)
- ^ a b Tropicos, Cenchrus L.
- ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 1049-1050 in Latin
- ^ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 552 蒺藜草属 ji li cao shu Cenchrus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1049. 1753.
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Cenchrus includes photos and range maps for several species
- ^ "What is a Sandspur anyway?". shellkey.org. 2008-10-20. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
- ^ "Cenchrus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- ^ "GRIN Species Records of Cenchrus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- ^ The Plant List search for Cenchrus
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cenchrus. |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Cenchrus |
- Clayton, W.D.; Harman, K.T.; Williamson, H. "Cenchrus". GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Culbert, D. (2003-10-19). "Sticky Sandspur". UF/IFAS Okeechobee County Extension Service.
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License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cenchrus&oldid=651328814 |
Comments: Includes part of the material that was C. carolinianus in Kartesz '94 while the rest was moved to C. longispinus.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Cenchrus+spinifex |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1
Grass Family (Poaceae). Mat sandbur is a native, warm season annual and at times, short lived perennial. The height ranges 8 to 24 inches. The leaf blade is 2 to 6 inches long and flat. The leaf sheath is flattened and hairy along margins. The stem is erect or grows along ground. The seedhead is a raceme with 6 to 20 spiny burs covered with fine hair, each enclosing 2 spikelets, and often topped by leaves.
Distribution: For current distribution, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Web site.
III
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Pablo Gutierrez, IABIN |
Source | No source database. |
This native of America is now widespread as a weed.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242435726 |
Cenchrus pauciflorus, coastal sandbur, Cenchrus incertus
Annuals, Terrestr ial, not aquatic, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems geniculate, decumbent, or lax, sometimes rooting at nodes, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem internodes solid or spongy, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule a fringed, ciliate, or lobed membrane, Ligule a fringe of hairs, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence a contracted panicle, narrowly paniculate, branches appressed or ascending, Inflorescence a dense slender spike-like panicle or raceme, branches contracted, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets sessile or subsessile, Spikelets dorsally compressed or terete, Spikelet 3-10 mm wide, Spikelets with 1 fertile floret, Spikelets with 2 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets 1-4 in short bristly fascicles, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, Spikelets falling with parts of disarticulating rachis or pedicel, Spikelets in bur-like clusters or fascicles with fused bracts, bristles or spines, Spikelet bristles fused together, Spikelets all subtended by bristles, Spikelet bristles 4-many, Spikelet bracts or bristles disarticulating with spikelet, Spikelets in dense head-like clusters, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Pistillate spikelet enclosed in hard bony involucre, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma , Glumes equal to or longer than adjacent lemma, Glume equal to or longer than spikelet, Glumes 1 nerved, Glumes 3 nerved, Glumes 4-7 nerved, Lemma similar in texture to glumes, Lemma coriaceous, firmer or thicker in texture than the glumes, Lemma 3 nerved, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex truncate, rounded, or obtuse, Lemma awnless, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to lemma, Stamens 3, Styles 1, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Compiled from several sources by Dr. David Bogler, Missouri Botanical Garden in collaboration with the USDA NRCS NPDC |
Source | http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CELO3 |
United States
Origin: Unknown/Undetermined
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Cenchrus+tribuloides |
United States
Origin: Unknown/Undetermined
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Cenchrus+spinifex |