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Species
Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (1762)
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Annual, tufted. Culms erect or geniculately ascending, up to 80 cm tall. Leaf sheaths smooth, glabrous, upper sheaths slightly inflated; leaf blades 3–16 cm, 2–9 mm wide, glabrous, abaxial surface smooth or scabrid, adaxial surface scabrid; ligule 2–5 mm. Panicle narrowly cylindrical, up to 10 cm, tapering toward apex, yellow-green, pale green, or purplish. Spikelets narrowly oblong, 4.5–7.5 mm; glumes leathery, punctate-scabrid, keels narrowly winged, wings shortly pilose below, scabrid above, lateral veins very shortly pilose near base, margins connate in lower 1/3–1/2, apices acute; lemma slightly longer than glumes, margins connate in lower 1/3–1/2, awned from near base, apex acute; awn exserted 4–8 mm from spikelet, geniculate. Anthers pale yellow, 2.5–4 mm. 2n = 14.
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Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200024824 |
Culm up to 45 cm tall, about 2 mm in diameter. Blade 3 mm wide; ligule 2 mm long. Panicle sylindrical, contracted, up to 8 cm long. Spikelets 1-flowered, oblong, 4-5 mm long, flattened, falling entirel at maturity; glumes connate at the base, slightly shorter than the spikelet, membranous, fused at the basal part, 5-nerved, awned from the back, below the middle, awn protruding; palea absent; anther 2 mm long. Caryopsis enclosed in the lemma, 2.5 mm long, oblong; embryo less than 1/3 the length of the caryopsis. Lodicules reduced.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1050&taxon_id=200024824 |
Alopecurus agrostis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 89/ 1762; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Form. 7: 82. 1918; Honda, Monogr. Poac. Jap. 202. 1930.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1050&taxon_id=200024824 |
Alopecurus agrestis Linnaeus.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200024824 |
Cultivated ground.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Bibliotheca Alexandrina, BA Cultnat, Bibliotheca Alexandrina - EOL Ar |
Source | http://lifedesk.bibalex.org/ba/pages/1790 |
Fields, introduced. Taiwan (Taipei) [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia, Europe].
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200024824 |
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
Blumeria graminis parasitises live Alopecurus myosuroides
Foodplant / gall
stroma of Epichlo causes gall of stem of Alopecurus myosuroides
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Foodplant / pathogen
immersed, often in rows between veins pycnidium of Dilophospora coelomycetous anamorph of Lidophia graminis infects and damages live leaf of Alopecurus myosuroides
Remarks: season: 5-10, esp. 7
Foodplant / spot causer
colony of Mastigosporium anamorph of Mastigosporium album causes spots on leaf of Alopecurus myosuroides
Alopecurus myosuroides is an annual grass, found on cultivated and waste land. It is also known as slender meadow foxtail, black-grass, twitch grass, black twitch.
Description[edit]
It can grow up to 80cm high, often growing in tufts. The leaves are hairless. Leaf sheath is smooth, green to purplish in colour. The leaf blade is pointed, 3 to 16 cm long, green, rough in texture. The spikelets are cylindrical, yellow-green, pale green or purple in colour.
It flowers from May to August.
Weed status[edit]
In the UK, where it is known to farmers as black-grass, it is a major weed of cereal crops as it produces a large amount of seed which is shed before the crop is cut. It has developed resistance to a range of herbicides used to control it. It can occur at very high densities competing with the crop and seriously reducing the yield of crops such as wheat and barley if not controlled.
The seeds have a short period of dormancy and viability, and the numbers may be reduced by surface cultivation after harvest.
External references[edit]
- ^ Grasses by C E Hubbard, 1978, published by Penguin books
- UK Weeds Resistance Action Group - advice on Managing and Preventing Herbicide Resistance
- Jepson Manual Treatment
- USDA Plants Profile
- Grass Manual Treatment
- USGS Northeast Wetland Flora Profile
- [1]
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License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alopecurus_myosuroides&oldid=640844662 |
Fl. & Fr. Per.: March-April.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200024824 |
Canada
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
United States
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident