Key Questions: Control and Management - Best Practices and Case Studies

A Guide to Designing Legal and Institutional Frameworks on Alien Invasive Species. Environmental Policy and Law Paper No. 40 IUCN - Environmental Law Centre A Contribution to the Global Invasive Species Programme IUCN - The World Conservation Union.

This Guide aims to provide national policy and lawmakers with practical information and indicators for developing or strengthening legal and institutional frameworks on alien invasive species, consistently with Article 8(h) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and other international and regional instruments.

A rapid assessment of the effects of invasive species on Human livelihoods, especially of the rural poor. McGarry D., Shackelton C.M, Gambiza J., Shackelton S.E. & Fabricius C.F. 2005. Deaprtment of Environmental Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown.

The study included two components. The first was a series (10) of desktop studies commissioned from around the world. The second was two rapid case studies conducted in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Both components aimed to gather qualitative and limited quantitative data on the effects that IAS have on rural livelihoods, quality of life and peoples’ ability to fulfil their basic needs from the environment.

A Toolkit for Developing Legal and Institutional Frameworks for Invasive Alien Species. Shine C. 2008

The toolkit provides a practical resource tailored to the specific issues and legal challenges associated with invasive alien species prevention and control. It contains examples and background information to support and inform real-world policy, planning and management. The primary aim of the toolkit is to provide a user-friendly guide to strengthening national policy, legal and institutional frameworks in this field. It provides detailed guidance on how to mainstream invasive alien species into planning and policy-making and draft new or amended legislation for all aspects of prevention and management.

A Toolkit for the Economic Analysis of Invasive Species. Emerton L. & Howard G. 2008 Publisher GISP.

The aim of this toolkit is to provide a clear, user-friendly guide to the application of economic approaches and tools to invasive species. It addresses the issues associated with identifying the factors which cause the spread of invasives, incorporating consideration of invasive species into economic planning and policy-making, and identifying economic tools and measures to support on-the-ground management actions designed to address biological invasions.

Africa invaded: the growing danger of invasive alien species.

This booklet is intended to raise awareness of the severe threat posed by Invasive Alien Species, and to promote the implementation of the relevant provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

It includes pages on some of the major invasive species in Africa

Alligator Weed Control Manual

This manual presents best practice advice for the eradication and suppression of alligator weed in Australia. This advice is based on a review of over 30 years of published information and past and current field practices. To develop the best practice information presented here a technical reference group made up of researchers, managers and technical specialists reviewed the current knowledge and information over a series of workshops. Case studies provide examples of management strategies and control techniques.

Argentina: Thematic Report on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Argentina. (CBD)

Asparagus weeds best practice management manual

This manual provides extensive best practice management information and advice for asparagus weed species.

Asparagus weeds best practice management manual - Asparagus fern

This section of the asparagus weeds manual provides information on asparagus fern (Asparagus scandens), such as distribution, ecology, history of introduction, method of dispersal, legal status, control methods, and life cycle.

Asparagus weeds best practice management manual: bridal veil

This section of the asparagus weeds manual provides information on bridal veil (Asparagus declinatus), such as distribution, ecology, history of introduction, method of dispersal, legal status, control methods, and life cycle.

Asparagus weeds best practice management manual: ground (basket) asparagus

This section of the asparagus weeds manual provides information on ground asparagus (Asparagus aethiopicus), such as distribution, ecology, history of introduction, method of dispersal, legal status, control methods, and life cycle.

Asparagus weeds best practice management manual: Western cape form of Bridal Creeper

This section of the asparagus weeds manual provides information on the Western Cape form of bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides), such as distribution, ecology, history of introduction, method of dispersal, legal status, control methods, and life cycle.

Assessment and control of biological invasion risks

This collection of papers presented at the International Conference on Assessment and Control of Biological Invasion Risks held in August 2004 at Yokohama National University discusses risk assessment, risk management and eradication. It also includes contributions reporting on the current status of invasion and the properties of alien species in East Asia.

Athel Pine: National best practice management manual

Section 1 of this manual outlines the ecology and threat of athel pine, tamarisk and smallflower tamarisk. Section 2 discusses proven control options and talks about how to plan and prioritise work and deliver a program which leads to eradication. Section 3 showcases successful Australian and overseas programs against these weeds. Section 4 gives useful links, contact numbers and ideas about where to find more information on weed and land management.

Australia: Thematic Report on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Australia. (CBD)

Austria: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Austria to the CBD.

Bangladesh: Thematic report to the CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Bangladesh.

Bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) management manual - Control options and management case studies fromacross Australia

This manual outlines the ecology and impacts of bellyache bush, discusses a range of control methods and provides planning tools to assist in weed control. The information presented is based on a review of published information and discussions with researchers, technical experts and weed managers. It also contains a number of case studies that give practical examples of how bellyache bush is being managed in different parts of northern Australia.

Best Practice for the Management of Introduced Marine Pests - A Review. Hilliard R. 2005. Publisher GISP

The desktop compilation and mini-review of existing information is required by GISP as the first step in its plan to produce a toolkit specifically for the prevention and management of invasive marine species. The scope and objectives of the initial step have been as follows: 1. Provide a compilation of all relevant literature and material available globally, rather than an in-depth analysis of the pros and cons of different approaches. 2. Cover all possible pathways/vectors of ‘invasive alien species’ (IAS) in the marine environment with a focus on actual rather than hypothetical cases, including intentional and unintentional introduction pathways, plus natural range expansions resulting from climate change and other human activities. 3. Include case studies demonstrating ecological, economic and social impacts (such as the Caulerpa taxifolia ‘aquarium strain’ in the Mediterranean and elsewhere), best practice manuals (e.g. the Rapid Response Toolbox in Australia’s National Introduced Marine Pest Information System), information on relevant technologies (especially new developments and voluntary guidelines such as the IMO guidelines on ballast water management), and recent regulations at sub-national, national and international levels (e.g. the New Zealand Biosecurity Act 1993). 4. Cover all aspects of IAS management, i.e. from prevention through early warning and surveillance systems, eradication, containment and monitoring, management and control. 5. Make the maximum possible use of web-searches and appropriate mailing lists within the time constraints of the study to provide the broadest possible coverage of reports, many of which are grey literature.

Best Practices in Pre-Import Risk Screening for Species of Live Animals in International Trade: Proceedings of an Expert Workshop on Preventing Biological Invasions, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA,

The present publication, the Proceedings of the aforementioned workshop, focuses on ‘best practices’ to address the risks associated with imports of live animals (and their parasites and pathogens) in international trade. Such species are imported primarily for the pet, aquarium/terrarium, aquaculture/mariculture, live bait, game farming, fur farming and live food industries, and include terrestrial, aquatic, vertebrate and invertebrate species. It is important to note that, non-native animals together with their parasites and pathogens, are introduced into countries both unintentionally and intentionally, but that the workshop focused on addressing the risks associated with intentional introductions of live animals. Simons, S.A. and De Poorter, M. (eds.) 2009. Best Practices in Pre-Import Risk Screening for Species of Live Animals in International Trade: Proceedings of an Expert Workshop on Preventing Biological Invasions, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA, 9-11 April 2008. Global Invasive Species Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. 30pp.

Biodiversity Planning: an assessment of national biodiversity strategies and action plans. Prip, C; Gross, T; Johnston, S; Vierros, M 2010. United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies, Yokohama, Japan.

The Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has proclaimed national biodiversity strategies and action plans (NBSAPs) to be the primary mechanisms for the implementation of the Convention and its Strategic Plan. Article 6(a) of the CBD requires all Parties to develop an NBSAP. The strategy is meant to be a roadmap for how the country intends to fulfil the objectives of the Convention in light of its specific national circumstances. The related action plan will constitute the sequence of steps to be taken to meet the goals of the strategy. The development of the NBSAP in accordance with Article 6(a) is the cornerstone for fulfilling the requirement of Article 6(b) to mainstream biodiversity and the three objectives of the CBD. This should occur across all sectors of government, economic sectors and involve other actors who have an impact on biodiversity, through relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies.

Biofuels as Invasive Species. Witt, A., 2011. CABI Expert White Paper Series on Biofuels, September, 2011

This paper discusses the increasing use of biofuel production across the globe, and the invasive risks of biofuel species. The document includes a definition of biofuels and their economic status in the world, impacts of production, recommended policy approaches, and a list of species, categorised by family, which have been suggested as potential biofuel crops, but have also been recognised as invasive / potentially invasive.

CBD - Agricultural Biodiversity

Agricultural biodiversity provides not only food and income but also raw materials for clothing, shelter, medicines, breeding new varieties, and performs other services such as maintenance of soil fertility and biota, and soil and water conservation, all of which are essential to human survival. This site provides links to national reports, case studies, toolkits and approaches for sustainable use of biofuels and other related information.

CBD - Biodiversity for Development

The overall goal of the Biodiversity for Development initiative is to improve the integration of the three objectives of the Convention into development plans and priorities in keeping the spirit of Article 6 (b). The three inter-related objectives of the initiative are: 1.To promote the integration of biodiversity considerations into sectoral policies or cross-sectoral strategies (e.g. Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers or Sustainable Development Strategies) as well as ensuring the development dimension in National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs); 2.To facilitate the exchange of experiences and the dissemination of lessons learned and good practices regarding the integration of biodiversity into development sectors and poverty reduction strategies and programmes; 3.To strengthen the linkages between CBD Programmes of Work and development / poverty alleviation, and raise awareness of the Parties on this crucial issue.

CBD - Case Studies - Dry and Sub-humid Land Biodiversity

How to Search: 1.Specify the search criteria in the corresponding text boxes and/or select a country. 2.Select how you would like the results to be ordered. 3.Click the Go button to display the results that match all criteria. Search criteria include Type of Capacity Building, Regions, Keywords, Countries, and Main Actors.

CBD - Case Studies on Biodiversity and Impact Assessment

In decision VI/7-A, the Conference of the Parties (COP) endorsed draft guidelines for incorporating biodiversity-related issues into environmental impact assessment legislation and/or processes and in strategic environmental assessment and requested the Executive Secretary to compile and disseminate current experiences in this field. In decision VII/7, the COP urged Parties and other Governments to contribute relevant case-studies as well as experiences in applying the guidelines contained in decision VI/7-A.

Case studies and other relevant information is available in this database. To search the database, please select your criteria in the form below and click on the Go button.

Criteria include Information Type, Programme Areas, Regions, Countries and Keywords.

CBD - Climate Change Adaptation Database

The database provides web-based guidance on the integration of biodiversity within adaptation planning. It gathers information tools and case studies from a number of relevant partners. Its purpose is to support Parties as they continue to integrate climate change impacts and response activities through their implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

CBD - Climate Change and Biodiversity

It is now widely recognized that climate change and biodiversity are interconnected. Biodiversity is affected by climate change, with negative consequences for human well-being, but biodiversity, through the ecosystem services it supports, also makes an important contribution to both climate-change mitigation and adaptation. Consequently, conserving and sustainably managing biodiversity is critical to addressing climate change. This site provides links and information to COP Decisions, case studies, resources, documents and other related areas.

CBD - Communication, Education and Public Awareness

Among the many barriers to achieving the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity, and of the other biodiversity-related conventions, the lack of public awareness on the importance of biodiversity ranks as one of the most serious. Without an awareness of the importance of biodiversity to human well-being, citizens and stakeholders are not likely to take the steps needed to mainstream biodiversity considerations into their daily lives and practices. The lack of public awareness also contributes to the relatively low political priority given to biodiversity issues. The Convention’s Communication, Education and Public Awareness (CEPA) programme is an important instrument for this target. This site provides information on the Aichi Biodiversity Target 1, resources, toolkits, case studies and links to other relevant information.

CBD - Ecosystem Approach Sourcebook

This website has been created in response to a request of the seventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties (decision VII/11, paragraph 9) as a tool to help practitioners implement the ecosystem approach and share experiences. Once finalized, the sourcebook will have several components: a case study database, information about the ecosystem approach, and the various tools and techniques that can be used to implement it. At the present time, the first version of the case study database is operational. Other components of the sourcebook will be added shortly, so please visit this website from time to time to check on new developments.

CBD - Experiences, Case Studies, and Assessments

Convention on Biological Diversity. This page provides access to sources of information on experiences with invasive alien species, including case studies and assessments. The list of sources is not meant to be comprehensive, but rather is intended to focus on some key sources that themselves contain a variety of information on experiences with invasive alien species

CBD - Forest Biodiversity

Forests are biologically diverse systems, representing some of the richest biological areas on Earth. They offer a variety of habitats for plants, animals and micro-organisms. However, forest biodiversity is increasingly threatened as a result of deforestation, fragmentation, climate change and other stressors. This site provides links to national reports, case studies, toolkits and guidelines, publications and other related information.

CBD - Global Taxonomy Initiative

Effective conservation and management of biodiversity depends in large part on our understanding of taxonomy. Unfortunately, inadequate taxonomic information and infrastructure, coupled with declining taxonomic expertise, hinders our ability to make informed decisions about conservation, sustainable use and sharing of the benefits derived from genetic resources. Governments, through the Convention on Biological Diversity, have acknowledged the existence of a "taxonomic impediment" to the sound management of biodiversity, and have developed the Global Taxonomic Initiative to remove or reduce the impediment.

CBD - Health and Biodiversity

Our fundamental reliance on biodiversity and ecosystem services offers significant opportunities to more consistently recognize and manage biodiversity’s services for human health and to contribute to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use at all scales. We can improve our understanding of the complex linkages between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human health as well as promote co-benefits through joint policies and implementation activities by strengthening collaboration with the health sector and better integrating biodiversity into national health strategies and programmes and health into national biodiversity strategies and activities.

CBD - Impact Assessment

Impact assessment is the process of identifying the future consequences of a current or proposed action. It is used to ensure that projects, programmes and policies are economically viable, socially equitable and environmentally sustainable. Work under the Convention seeks to support efforts to adequately reflect biodiversity considerations in impact assessments. Guidance developed under the Convention helps to decide which aspects of biodiversity may need to be monitored and how to carry this out in a cost-effective way.

CBD - Incentive Measures Database

This database contains case studies and other pertinent information on incentive measures (including valuation) that were submitted by Parties, other governments and relevant international organizations.

A search function is available where users can perform searches using criteria such as region, biome, or keyword.

CBD - Inland Waters Biodiversity

Inland water ecosystems are often extensively modified by humans, more so than marine or terrestrial systems, and are amongst the most threatened ecosystem types of all. Physical alteration, habitat loss and degradation, water withdrawal, overexploitation, pollution and the introduction of invasive alien species are the main threats to these ecosystems and their associated biological resources. This site provides links to national reports, case studies, toolkits and guidelines, publications and other related information.

CBD - Invasive Alien Species

Invasive alien species (IAS) are a global issue that requires international cooperation and actions. Preventing international movement of IAS and rapid detection at borders are less costly than control and eradication. Preventing the entry of IAS is carried out through inspections of international shipments, customs checks and proper quarantine regulations. Prevention requires collaboration among governments, economic sectors and non-governmental and international organizations.

CBD - Island Biodiversity

Over the past century, island biodiversity has been subject to intense pressure from invasive alien species, habitat change and over-exploitation, and, increasingly, from climate change and pollution. This pressure is also keenly felt by island economies. Among the most vulnerable of the developing countries, small island developing States (SIDS) depend on the conservation and sustainable use of island biodiversity for their sustainable development.

This site provides links to national reports, case studies, toolkits and guidelines, publications and other related information.

CBD - Liability and Redress, Artical 14.2

The issue of liability and redress in the Convention’s context raises many questions, inter alia: is a liability and redress regime under the Convention appropriate at all? What is damage to biological diversity? How do you calculate adequate monetary compensation if the damage is irreversible and reinstatement impossible? What would restoration look like? Should there be a focus on state responsibility or state liability or both?

Paragraph 2 of Article 14 of the Convention provides that: "the Conference of the Parties shall examine, on the basis of studies to be carried out, the issue of liability and redress, including restoration and compensation, for damage to biological diversity, except where such liability is a purely internal matter. By this, the Convention gives little guidance, but leaves the issue to be decided at a later stage.

CBD - Marine and Coastal Biodiversity

There is broad recognition that the seas face unprecedented human-induced threats from industries such as fishing and transportation, the effects of waste disposal, excess nutrients from agricultural runoff, and the introduction of exotic species. This site provides links to national reports, case studies, toolkits and guidelines, publications and other related information.

CBD - Mountain Biodiversity

The world’s mountains encompass some of the most spectacular landscapes, a great diversity of species and habitat types, and distinctive human communities. Mountains occur on all continents, in all latitude zones, and within all the world’s principal biome types. Mountains provide freshwater for more than half of humanity, and are, in effect, the water towers of the world.

This site provides links to national reports, case studies, toolkits and guidelines, publications and other related information.

CBD - Principles, Guidelines and Other Tools Developed under the Convention

Convention on Biological Diversity. This page lists some Principles, Guidelines and other tools developed under the Convention. All are available in the six official United Nations Languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish, Russian) through associated Conference of the Parties decisions (left column). In the language column on the right, links are made to associated PDF Publications of the Secretariat. It includes Guiding Principles for the Prevention, Introduction and Mitigation of Impacts of Alien Species that Threaten Ecosystems, Habitats or Species
The Guiding Principles are intended to assist governments to control invasive alien species, as an integral part of conservation and economic development. They comprise 15 principles on prevention, intentional and unintentional introduction, and mitigation of impacts.

CBD - Principles, Guidelines and Tools

This page lists some Principles, Guidelines and other tools developed under the Convention. All are available in the six official United Nations Languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish, Russian) through associated Conference of the Parties decisions (left column). In the language column on the right, links are made to associated PDF Publications of the Secretariat.

CBD - Recommendations

List of recommendations from the previous meetings of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice.

CBD - Russian Federation: Thematic Report on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in the Russian Federation

CBD - Saudi Arabia: Thematic Report on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species

CBD - Sustainable Use of Biodiversity

Being one of the objectives of the Convention, sustainable use is a general framework that crystallises the text of the Convention into one of the first truly international tool to provide dynamism to sustainable development. Sustainable use entails the introduction and application of methods and processes for the utilization of biodiversity to prevent its long term decline, thereby maintaining its potential to meet current and future human needs and aspirations.

CBD - Tourism and Biodiversity

The tourism industry represents one of the main sectors in the global economy, often referred to as the world’s largest single industry. Harnessing the opportunities and dealing with the challenges of the largest ongoing migration of people in history is of utmost importance, and is particularly significant for developing countries.

The Secretariat’s tourism activities provide bridges and links between various thematic programmes to ultimately facilitate the implementation of the Convention. These programmes, such as island biodiversity, marine and coastal biodiversity, forests, and invasive species, are crucial to a complementary approach to tourism issues.

Central African Republic: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic Report on Alien and Invasive Species in the Central African Republic

Codes of practice and manual of procedures for consideration of introductions and transfers of marine and freshwater organisms. Turner, G.E. 1988. EIFAC/CECPI Occasional paper No. 23 44 p.

This report was prepared by the “Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms” of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and by the “Working Party on Introductions” of the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission.

Comoros: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report to CBD on alien and invasive species in Comoros

Congo: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Congo

Conservation Evidence (database)

Conservation Evidence is a free, authoritative information resource designed to support decisions about how to maintain and restore global biodiversity. It summarises evidence from the scientific literature about the effects of conservation Interventions, such as methods of habitat or species management. The site also produces a open-access journal publishing research and case studies. Search results will provide a list of studies and scientific articles published within Conservation Evidence or in other journals (summaries of articles only).

Conservation Evidence (Journal)
Control and management options for mesquite (Prosopis spp.) in Australia

The control and management options presented in this manual are the combined results of years of trials carried out by many dedicated researchers, landholders, herbicide companies, government officers,landcare groups and others.

Czech Republic: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Czech Republic

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Denying entry : opportunities to build capacity to prevent the introduction of invasive species and improve biosecurity at US ports

A recognized gap in the US government’s knowledge of the role that trade has played in the introduction of invasive species into the US led to a study undertaken by the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of International Affairs and IUCN. The aim was to identify the resources, strategies, and policies necessary to create, maintain, and make accessible one or more commodity/invasive species databases that EPA and other relevant agencies can apply to trade policy decision-making in a timely and scientifically-based manner.

Department of Conservation Series: Products

The site contains the archives of scientific research undertaken for New Zealand native species.

Developing an indicator of the abundance, extent and impact of invasive non-native species - DERFA Final report

This report describes an indicator of the abundance, extent and impact of invasive non-native species in Great Britain. The main ideas and options for the abundance indicator and for the impact indicator are considered. A third type of indicator, the annual rate of establishment of new non-native species, is outlined, with provisional data presented only for England

Dominican Republic: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in the Dominican Republic

Dry and Sub-humid Lands Biodiversity (CBD)

The biological diversity of dry and sub-humid lands provides critical ecosystem services to support two billion people, 90% of whom live in developing countries. The conservation and sustainable use of the biodiversity of dry and sub-humid lands is, therefore, central to livelihood development and poverty alleviation. This site provides links to national reports, case studies, toolkits and guidelines and other related information.

Environmental Conservation

Environmental Conservation is one of the longest-standing, most highly-cited of the interdisciplinary environmental science journals. It includes research papers, reports, comments, subject reviews, and book reviews addressing environmental policy, practice, and natural and social science of environmental concern at the global level, informed by rigorous local level case studies.

Estonia: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Estonia.

European Union: Thematic Report on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in the European Union

Feral.org.au

The website contains a searchable database of information for invasive vertebrate species in Australia and New Zealand. Information includes published and unpublished research, technical reports, legislation and management practices and threat mitigation plans. The website also has information on social issues and animal welfare, as well as an image gallery and PestMaps, which are maps of the distributions and abundances of invasive species. The Bureau of Rural Sciences’ Australian Pest Animal Management Program supported the predecessor of the Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre (the Pest Animal Control CRC) in cooperation with the University of Canberra to develop a comprehensive, interactive and freely-available website on pest animals. The site aims to make information on past and current research related to invasive animal control readily accessible and to interpret and pull together relevant data to assist users of the site in making management decisions.

The site is structured around a searchable database of information on vertebrate invasive animals in Australia and New Zealand.
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, 2013. Search- Database on Introductions of Aquatic Species (DIAS)

Records of aquatic species introduced or transferred from one country to another. Information can be accessed through a simple word search or advanced search using country names or species-introduction components.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, 2013. Introduction of species

This site provies information on the ecological and socioeconomic impacts of species introductions in aquatic ecosystems. Information on legal instruments and codes of practice on the use of introduced species is also available.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2013. Survey of the effects of Prosopis introduction in Sahelian Africa

This webpage contains information on the effects of the introduction of Prosopis in sub-Saharan Africa.

Germany: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on invasive and alien species in Germany

GISP Guidelines & Toolkits

The Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) produced best practices, toolkits and guidelines for policy makers. These include Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Marine Biofouling and Invasive Species; A Toolkit for the Economic Analysis of Invasive Species; A Toolkit for Developing Legal and Institutional Frameworks for Invasive Alien Species; Best Practice for the Management of Introduced Marine Pests - A Review; Invasive Alien Species: A Toolkit for Best Prevention and Management Practices; A Guide to Designing Legal and Institutional Frameworks on Alien Invasive Species; and Best Management Practices for Preventing and Controlling Invasive Alien Species.

GISP Training Course on Best Practice for the Management of Introduced Marine Pests

Training course materials on best practice for management of introduced marine species. Hilliard R. 2005 Best Practice for the Management of Introduced Marine Pests - A Review. Publisher Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP)

GISP Training Course on the Economic Analysis of Invasive Species (Regional)

List of links to GISP Training Course materials and their respective modules. Emerton L. & Howard G. 2008 A Toolkit for the Economic Analysis of Invasive Species. Publisher Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP)

Global Eradication and Response Database (Gerda)

The GERDA database summarises incursion response and eradication programmes from around the world. The scope of the database is terrestrial arthropod pests and plant pathogens. Weeds, vertebrate pests, aquatic pests, and animal diseases are not currently included

Global Invasive Species Database (GISD)

The GISD focuses on invasive alien species that threaten native biodiversity and covers all taxonomic groups from micro-organisms to animals and plants in all ecosystems. Species information is either supplied by or reviewed by expert contributors from around the world. It is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN-World Conservation Union.
Many of the species profiles feature images, include a description section and, where available, links to Diagnostic information sources such as for the ant profiles and others. They features distribution information at country level and also at site level including protected areas and ecosystem, admin unit level, island etc. The database entries are rich in management information.

Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) 2007. Development of case studies on the economic impacts of invasive species in Africa Salvinia molesta

This report details the results of an extensive desktop study to quantify the economic impacts of an invasive weed species in Africa. This report examines the economic impact of this invasive weed species, including impacts on fishing yields, agricultural production and tourism. The impacts were valued using market prices (where available) and published data on yields and productivity.

Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) 2007. Development of case studies on the economic impacts of invasive species in Africa. Mimosa pigra

This report details the results of an extensive desktop study to quantify the economic impacts of Mimosa pigra (Mimosa), an invasive weed species in Africa.This report examines the economic impact of these invasive weed species, including impacts on fishing yields, agricultural production and tourism. The impacts were valued using market prices (where available) and published data on yields and productivity.

Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) Publications & Reports

The Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) together with its Partner Organisations began activities in 1997 with a Knowledge-Building Phase which culminated in a number of groundbreaking publications. A wide range of themes have been covered including Invasive species management; Best practices in pre-import risk screening for species of live animals in international trade; Biofuel crops and non-native species; Marine biofouling and guidelines for prevention and management; Invasive species and Protected Areas; Economic impacts of invasive species; National and Regional Legislation for promotion and Support to the Prevention, Control, and Eradication of Invasive Species; the Aid Trade - International Assistance Programs as Pathways for the Introduction of Invasive Alien Species and Alien species in Aquaculture - considerations for responsible use.

Global Island Partnership (GLISPA)

The Global Island Partnership (GLISPA) assists islands in addressing one of the world’s greatest challenges: to conserve and sustainably utilize the invaluable island natural resources that support people, cultures, and livelihoods in their island homes around the world. It brings together island nations and nations with islands — small and large, developing and developed — to mobilize leadership, increase resources and share skills, knowledge, technologies and innovations in a cost-effective and sustainable way that will catalyze action for conservation and sustainable livelihoods on islands.

Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species. (McNeely, J.A., Mooney, H.A., Neville, L.E., Schei, P. & Waage, J.K. (eds.) 2001. IUCN on behalf of the Global Invasive Species Programme, Gland, Switzerland) and Cambridge, UK

This document details a global strategy on invasive alien species. It covers the ecological and socioeconomic impacts of invasive alien species, their pathways, dispersal and movement, as well as management, policy information and strategic responses. Included are case studies, a list of relevant organisations and institutions, as well as a glossary. The Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species is based on contributions from the team leaders of the eleven main components addressed under Phase I of the Global Invasive Species Programme. This strategy summarizes key findings of the Phase I Synthesis Conference held September 2000 in Cape Town, Republic of South Africa and presents ten strategic responses that address mitigating the threats of invasive alien species. Directed toward the decision-makers whose policies and practices are affecting the movement of species around the world, this Strategy strives to provide a resource to increase awareness and provide policy advice.

Gorse National Best Practice Manual

This is the 2nd edition of the Gorse National Best Practice Manual. It is a fully integrated best practice document which includes comprehensive instructions for mapping gorse, planning a control program, undertaking the work and following-up. It is the definitive guide for land managers to inform themselves about how to plan gorse control and ultimately eradicate gorse from their properties and the Australian landscape. The manual describes the latest trailed best practice gorse management, with enough detail in easy-to-understand language to allow land managers to confidently take on eradicating gorse and win.

Greece: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Greece

Guidelines on biofuels and invasive species

These guidelines outline step-by-step recommendations for interventions to minimise risks of biological invasions along the biofuels supply chain.

Honduras: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Honduras

Hungary: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Hungary

Hymenachne: Control methods and case studies

This manual outlines the ecology and threat of hymenachne, discusses a range of control methods, and provides planning tools to assist in weed control. It also covers the impact of ponded pasture species and provides some information on native
hymenachne (Hymenachne acutigluma). The information presented in this manual is based on a review of published information, a study of field practices, and a survey of technical experts and weed managers. In addition, the manual contains a number of case studies that give practical examples of how hymenachne is being managed or utilised in various parts of northern Australia.

I3N - Brazil

This website hosts the National Invasive Species Database for Brasil. The site contains information on risk assessments of non-native species, case studies of IAS in Brazil, links to published articles, legal regulations and a photo gallery of invasive species.

ICES. 2012. Report of the ICES Working Group on Introduction and Transfers of Marine Organisms (WGITMO), 14 - 16 March 2012, Lisbon, Portugal. ICES CM 2012/ACOM:31. 301 pp.

The ICES Code of Practice sets forth recommended procedures and practices to diminish the risks of detrimental effects from the intentional introduction and transfer of marine (including brackish water) organisms. The Code is aimed at a broad audience since it applies to both public (commercial and governmental) and private (including scientific) interests. In short, any persons engaged in activities that could lead to the intentional or accidental release of exotic species should be aware of the procedures covered by the Code of Practice.

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)

The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) coordinates and promotes marine research on oceanography, the marine environment, the marine ecosystem, and on living marine resources in the North Atlantic. ICES is a scientific and research organization for the provision of information and advice to member countries and international bodies.

International mechanisms for the control and responsible use of alien species in aquatic ecosystems.

This document contains the report of and papers presented at the Ad hoc Expert Consultation, International Mechanisms for the Control and Responsible Use of Alien Species in Aquatic Ecosystems, held 27–30 August 2003, in Xishuangbanna, People's Republic of China. Bartley, D.M.; Bhujel, R.C.; Funge-Smith, S.; Olin, P.G.; Phillips, M.J. (comps./eds.) International mechanisms for the control and responsible use of alien species in aquatic ecosystems. Report of an Ad Hoc Expert Consultation. Xishuangbanna, People's Republic of China, 27–30 August 2003. Rome, FAO. 2005. 195p.

International ocean governance : using international law and organizations to manage marine resources sustainably

This report evaluates the effectiveness of international agreements and organizations and recommends numerous improvements. It includes a series of tables and maps, which can be easily updated. The tables present a problem-oriented summary of global and regional legal instruments and an indication of the scientific, technical, and legal guidance offered by international bodies. The maps demonstrate geographic relationships in eight ocean regions -- among regional marine and regional fisheries conventions, large marine ecosystems, major river basins, marine protected areas, and national jurisdiction.

International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) - Recommendations

Recommendations of the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures.

Invasive Alien Species and Protected areas: A Scoping Report Part I. Scoping the scale and nature of invasive alien species threats to protected areas, impediments to IAS management and means to address those impediments.

Invasive Alien Species and Protected areas: A Scoping Report Part I. Scoping the scale and nature of invasive alien species threats to protected areas, impediments to IAS management and means to address those impediments. 2007. Produced for the World Bank as a contribution to the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP). Produced by Maj De Poorter (Invasive Species Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - The World Conservation Union)

Invasive Alien Species in Belgium

The Belgium Forum on Invasive Species (BFIS) promotes interdisciplinary cooperation between scientists through the facilitation of information exchange and dissemination, with the hope of developing appropriate measures to control or mitigate the impacts of invasive alien species in Belgium. The site provides fact sheets / profiles of invasive alien species in Belgium, which contain taxonomic information, distribution, time and method of introduction, preferred habitat, a measure of invasiveness, as well as impacts on native species and ecosystems. The Belgian Forum on Invasive Species gathers scientific information on presence, distribution, auto-ecology, adverse impacts and management of invasive alien species. It regularly updates a reference list of exotic species in Belgium and is responsible for the elaboration of a black list gathering species with a strong detrimental impact on biodiversity.

Invasive Alien Species: A Toolkit for Best Prevention and Management Practices. Wittenberg R. & Cock M.J.W. 2001 (eds) Publisher GISP.

The layout of the toolkit is intended to be largely self-explanatory. An introductory chapter to set the scene is followed by Chapter 2 on building strategy and policy, (i.e. how to develop national plans and support for them). Methods for prevention of invasive species and the risk-analysis process are dealt with in Chapter 3, while methods for early detection of new invasive species are reviewed in Chapter 4. A broad review of different management approaches is offered in Chapter 5, and some thoughts on how to use the toolkit are provided in Chapter 6.

Invasive Species and Poverty: Exploring the links. Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) 2007.

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was conducted between 2001 and 2005 to assess the consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being, and to analyse options available to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems and their contributions to human well-being. Carried out by some 1360 experts from 95 countries, it developed four global scenarios exploring plausible future changes in drivers, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and human well-being. It also examined the strengths and weaknesses of various response options that have been used to manage ecosystem services, and identified promising opportunities for enhancing human well-being while conserving ecosystems.

Invasive Species Council (ISC) Double Trouble Ebulletin: Pests and Climate Change

In this e-bulletin series, the Invasive Species Council aims to spread awareness on the links between climate change and invasive species. Each issue provides examples of the interactions between climage change and invasive species spread. These e-bulletins aim to promote reforms to diminish the thread of invasives.

Invasive Species in China

The website has a partial list of invasive species encompassing a range of taxa found in China. Critieria for considering an alien species as invasive are also included. Criteria to define an invasive alien species: has been introduced into an area where it is not native from its natural range by either intentional or unintentional human activity; has established a self-reproducing population in a local natural or artificial ecosystems; and has caused obvious changes in a natural ecosystem or landscape, or has caused damages to a local natural or artificial ecosystem. We also consider alien species in China to include species introduced outside their native ranges within China as well as non-native species introduced from other countries" Chinese and English versions available.

Invasive species, climate change and ecosystem-based adaptation : addressing multiple drivers of global change

This report focuses on the primary linkages between climate change and the spread of invasive species as well as the secondary and tertiary interactions of their corresponding impacts. It includes a list of relevant case studies and a set of recommendations to aid policy makers in integrating invasive species prevention and management with climate change adaption and mitigation strategies.

Ireland: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on invasive and alien species in Ireland

Islamic Republic of Iran: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Iran

Island Invasives: Eradication and management: proceedings of the international conference on island invasives

This document is a collation of articles from a conference in Auckland focusing on the management and eradication of invasive species, especially on islands.

Israel: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Israel.

Jamaica: Thematic Report to CBD in Invasive and Alien species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on ivnasive and alien species in Jamaica

Japan: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Japan

La gobernanza internacional del océano : el uso del derecho internacional y las organizaciones para manejar los recursos marinos de manera sostenible -

This report evaluates the effectiveness of international agreements and organizations and recommends numerous improvements. It includes a series of tables and maps, which can be easily updated. The tables present a problem-oriented summary of global and regional legal instruments and an indication of the scientific, technical, and legal guidance offered by international bodies. The maps demonstrate geographic relationships in eight ocean regions -- among regional marine and regional fisheries conventions, large marine ecosystems, major river basins, marine protected areas, and national jurisdiction.

Lebanon: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Lebanon

Lithuania: Thematic Report to CBD on Invasive and Alien Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on invasive and alien species in Lithuania

Macdonald, I.A.W., J.K. Reaser, C. Bright, L.E. Neville, G.W. Howard, S.J. Murphy & G. Preston (eds.). 2003. Invasive alien species in southern Africa: national reports & directory of resources. Global Invasive Species Programme, Cape Town, South Africa.

This report is a product of a workshop entitled Prevention and Management of Invasive Alien Species:
Forging Cooperation throughout Southern Africa, held by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) in Lusaka, Zambia on 10-12 June 2002.

Madagascar: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Madagascar

Mainstreaming gender into prevention and management of invasive species

This report analyses gender perspectives of invasive species impacts and management. A case study of invasions of Prosopis juliflora and Parthenium hysterophorus in Ethiopia is included.

Mali: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Mali

Marine Biofouling & Invasive Species: guidelines for prevention and management

This document contains information on marine biofouling as a pathway for the spread of invasive species. The ecological and economic impacts of invasive marine species are included, along with case studies. The document also provides information on management practices, regulatory framework and legislation and recommendations.

Marine Biofouling: An Assessment of the Risks and Management Initiatives. Compiled by Lynn Jackson on behalf of the Global Invasive Species Programme and the UNEP Regional Seas Programme. Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP), 2008. 68pp

The escalating numbers of invasive species in the marine environment, together with an increasing awareness of the implications thereof, have stimulated a substantial amount of research aimed both at gaining a better understanding of marine invasions and at finding ways to prevent and/or manage them. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of those initiatives dealing with biofouling as a pathway for marine invasions.

Marine menace : alien invasive species in the marine environment

This booklet does not present new or primary information, but rather a synthesis of current issues and trends, including several examples of some of the worst marine invasive species, their spread and impact. It is targeted at the general public to highlight an important but often overlooked issue, and to serve as a source of information and inspiration.

Mauritius: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species of Mauritius

Menace en mer : les espèces exotiques envahissantes dans l'environnement marin

Marine menace : alien invasive species in the marine environment

Mesoamerica and the Caribbean: Invasives in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean. Regional workshop in Invasive Alien Species, San José, Coast Rica June 2001

The document contains the results and presentations of a regional workshop in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean about the threat of invasive alien species. There is some discussion on the presence and impacts of invasive species in the region, as well as a number of case studies. Information on global and regional maangement strategies is also available.

Mexico: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Mexico

Mimosa pigra: National Best Practice Management Manual

This manual is designed to help you make informed decisions about how to plan and carry out your mimosa control program. It is also designed so that landholders without significant mimosa infestations know how to recognise, monitor and prevent the establishment of mimosa on their land.

Namibia: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Namibia.

National Case Studies Manual - Parkinsonia

This manual incorporates a summary of our present understanding of parkinsonia ecology and management. This technical information is supported by a variety of case studies drawn from areas that represent the Australian geographic range of this weed.

National Invasive Species Action Plan, Samoa, July 2008 - June 2011

Samoa’s National Invasive Species Action plan (NISAP) is Samoa’s response to the threat from invasive species and sets out the framework and identifies the key initial actions that need to be undertaken to effectively assess and manage the threat and impacts of new and existing invasive species in Samoa. The actions have been prioritised, with timeframes and identification of the lead agency/group and relevant partners that will be involved in implementation.

Neighborhood watch : early detection and rapid response to biological invasion along US trade pathways

This report offers recommendations to improve biosecurity measures at US ports, as well as a possible funding mechanism based upon the polluter-pays principle.

Netherlands: Thematic Report to CBD on Invasive And Alien Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species int he Netherlands

New Zealand: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report and comments on alien and invasive species in New Zealand

Niger: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Niger

Norway: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report and additional comments on alien and invasive species in Norway

Oman: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Oman

Pakistan: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Pakistan

Pallewatta, N., J.K. Reaser & A. Gutierrez (eds.). 2003. Prevention and Management of Invasive Alien Species: Proceedings of a Workshop on Forging Cooperation throughout South and Southeast Asia. Global Invasive Species Programme, Cape Town, South Africa.

Asia is experiencing a significant increase in economic activity within the region, and between it and other parts of the world. Adoption of increasingly liberal trade policies (e.g. emergence of preferential trade agreements) and higher volumes of tourism will undoubtedly facilitate more biological invasions. The risk that these alien species will cause significant harm is exacerbated by a considerable lack of awareness of the severity of the IAS problem (especially among policy makers), as well as seriously inadequate technical support. It was within this context that the South and Southeast Asia regional workshop on IAS was organised by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and partners in 2002 in Bangkok, Thailand. This meeting was one of six regional IAS workshops held by GISP and the U.S. government in 2001-2004. The others included: the Baltic/Nordic region (May 2001), South America (October 2001), Southern Africa (June 2002), the Austral Pacific region (October 2002), and West Africa (rescheduled for March 2004). Each meeting has resulted in a regional statement, meeting report (including draft regional action plans), and development or strengthening of regional directories of information resources on IAS.

Pallewatta, N., J.K. Reaser, and A.T. Gutierrez. (eds.). 2003. Invasive Alien Species in South-Southeast Asia: National Reports & Directory of Resources. Global Invasive Species Programme, Cape Town, South Africa.

This report is a product of a workshop entitled Prevention and Management of Invasive Alien Species: Forging Cooperation throughout South and Southeast Asia, held by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) in Bankok, Thailand on 14-16 August 2002.

Panama: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species in Panama

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Panama

Parthenium Weed Management

This book describes parthenium weed and provides basic information about its ecology and biology, reproduction and
spread, current distribution, and potential threat. It also provides information on management and control aspects including spread minimisation, pasture management, herbicide use, biological control and health aspects.

People's Republic of China: Thematic Report to CBD on Invasive and Alien Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on invasive and alien species in China

Peru: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Peru

PII Resource Kit for Rodent and Cat Eradication

The site provides a resource kit for cat and rodent eradication. The kit includes template documents along with working examples that need to be written for eradication projects, guidelines for eradication, a glossary of terms and other additional information and links to global organisations related to the issue of invasive species management. The kit can be downloaded into a printable form. The PII Resource Kit provides project managers with a systematic approach to planning and implementing rodent and cat eradication projects on islands in the Pacific.

The need for the Resource Kit came from PII's experience working on invasive species projects with Pacific agencies. Because invasive species management is a relatively new tool for island restoration in the Pacific, a common constraint for agencies was access to an authoritative and consistent process and a source of information to effectively address the complexity of invasive species management.

To address this need PII, in collaboration with world leading eradication experts, developed a stepwise process and supporting tools to provide project managers with access to current eradication best practice. Use of the Resource Kit will give Pacific agencies the ability to embark on their invasive species management projects with greater confidence of achieving their desired island restoration goals.

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Poland: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Poland

Pond apple Management

This manual outlines the ecology and threat of pond apple and a range of control methods and planning tools.

Prevention and Management of Alien Invasive Species: Forging Cooperation throughout West Africa. Proceedings of a workshop held in Accra, Ghana, 9-11 March, 2004. CAB International, Nairobi, Kenya

These are the proceedings and presentations from a workshop attended by representatives from sixteen West African countries. The aim of the workshop was to promoting information exchange and regional collaboration and cooperative action, with regards to the issue of invasive alien species management. The appendices include reports from a number of countries on specific invasive alien species problems.

Prickly acacia National Case Studies Manual

This publication is a companion to the Prickly Acacia Best Practice Manual released in July 2000, which presented a technical overview of prickly acacia ecology and the ‘tool box’ of available management strategies and control options. This manual goes one step further—it shows how landholders, community and industry groups, local governments and agencies have applied these tools and strategies in different situations, and shows the approaches being taken by land managers to contain, eradicate or prevent the spread of prickly acacia.

Republic of Korea: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Korea

Republic of Macedonia: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species of the Republic of Macedonia

Republic of Moldova: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invaisve species in the Republic of Moldova

Republic of Seychelles: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in the Republic of Seychelles

Risk assessment protocols and decision making tools for use of alien species in aquaculture and stock enhancement (Copp et al. 2008)

The ENSARS provides a structured framework for evaluating the risks of escape, introduction to and establishment in open waters, of any non-native aquatic organism being used (or associated with those used) in aquaculture. In addition, it provides evaluation of potential risks posed by transport pathways, rearing facilities, non-target infectious agents, and the potential organism, ecosystem and socio-economic impacts.

Romania: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Romania

Rubber Vine Management

This manual outlines a range of strategies and methods for the control of rubber vine. It includes case studies written by land mangers, who explain why and how they control it. They also discuss their motivations for doing so—these include improving productivity, being responsible landholders, removing the pest from their best country, and protecting properties downstream.

Saint Lucia National Invasive Species Strategy

The goals of the NISS are four-fold and aim to minimize the harmful effects of invasive species on the environment, economy and society of Saint Lucia:
[1] to provide a national framework for invasive species prevention and management;
[2] to prevent introduction and establishment of further invasions;
[3] to reduce the impacts of invasive species already present in the country through a hierarchical approach comprising (i) Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR), (ii) Eradication, (iii) Mitigation and Containment, (iv) Restoration;
[4] to strengthen Saint Lucia’s participation in regional and international efforts for invasive species prevention and management.

Salvinia Control Manual

The information presented here provides a basis for the development of site-specific management strategies. It is based on a review of published information, a survey of field practices carried out by technical experts and weed managers, and a workshop on integrating control methods for salvinia.

Securing protected areas in the face of global change : key lessons learned from case studies and field learning sites in protected areas

New institutional policies require new social arrangements among communities and government bureaus. Through a selection of field learning sites and case studies, this report presents a synthesis of lessons learned and invites readers to investigate areas of interest in more depth.

Senegal: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Senegal

Serrated Tussock (Australian national best practice management manual)

The manual has been designed to allow easy access to the information and includes the following features: • an index of keywords for quick and easy access to specific information • a glossary of key terms and abbreviations • chapters are colour coded to help access information quickly • an ‘at a glance’ control table outlining the range of control and management tools applicable for different land-uses • best practice control and management information described in detail for agricultural, conservation and urban land uses.

Shine, C., J.K. Reaser, and A.T. Gutierrez. (eds.). 2003. Invasive alien species in the Austral Pacific Region: National Reports & Directory of Resources. Global Invasive Species Programme, Cape Town, South Africa.

This document contains the national reports from a range of countries in the Austral-Pacific region. Each report contains information on known invasive alien species problems within respective countries, current management and prevention strategies, objectives and contact information for relevant departments, priorities for future work on IAS, a list of experts, and other lists to relevant resources.

Singapore: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Singapore

Slovakia: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Slovakia

South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) - Invasive Aliens Early Detection and Rapid Response Programme

The programme focuses on plant invasion control as part of SANBI's legal mandate to monitor and report on invasive alien species within Southen Africa

South Atlantic Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan 2010

The Strategy aims to provide a focus for the South Atlantic Overseas Territories to develop effective prevention and response measures for invasive species and thus reduce damage to their natural heritage, communities, livelihoods and options for future development.

Sri Lanka: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Sri Lanka

State of Qatar: Thematic Report to CBD on Invasive Alien Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic Report on Invasive Alien Species

Sweden: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Sweden

Switzerland: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Switzerland

Thailand: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Thailand

The Aid Trade - International Assistance Programs as Pathways for the Introduction of Invasive Alien Species. Murphy, S.T. & Cheesman, O.D. 2006. Paper No. 109, Environment Department Papers, The World Bank.

This discussion paper is sponsored by the World Bank and CABI, both institutions concerned with delivering development assistance. It was produced to raise awareness about the costs and problems associated with IAS and as a contribution towards promoting more environmentally sustainable development.

The Economic Impact and Appropriate Management of Selected Invasive Alien Species on the African Continent.

This report provides case studies of the economic impact of five invasive alien species in different areas in Africa. The overall aim of this work was to provide detailed information to administrators and managers. The species were: • Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus); • Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes); • The larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus); • Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus); and • Triffid weed (Chromolaena odorata).

[R.M. Wise, B.W. van Wilgen, M.P. Hill, F. Schulthess, D. Tweddle, A. Chabi-Olay, and H.G Zimmermann, 2007. The Economic Impact and Appropriate Management of Selected Invasive Alien Species on the African Continent. Final Report prepared for the: Global Invasive Species Programme. CSIR Report Number CSIR/NRE/RBSD/ER/2007/0044/C]

The great reshuffling : human dimensions of invasive alien species

This compilation of papers delivered during a workshop on the human dimensions of the IAS problem, held in Cape Town, South Africa on 15-17 September 2000, covers some of the many causes, consequences and responses to this problem.

The Malta Environment and Planning Authority (MEPA) - Code of Conduct on Horticulture & Invasive Alien Plants (2011)

This booklet is an abridged version of the Code of Conduct on Horticulture and IAPs for European and Mediterranean Countries produced by The European Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) and the Council of Europe (CoE) under the framework of the Bern Convention published in 2009,including information relevant for Malta. It mainly addresses the horticultural sector (including plant and seed introducers/importers, plant nurseries, garden centres) and those entities engaged in landscaping and afforestation.

The Philippines: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in the Philippines

Tilapias as alien aquatics in Asia and the Pacific: a review. De Silva, S.S; Subasinghe, R.P.; Bartley, D.M.; Lowther, A.: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 453. Rome, FAO. 2004. 65p.

Tilapias are not native to Asia but have been a significant component of inland fisheries and aquaculture in the region for over half a century. They have been introduced into over 90 countries worldwide, with a global distribution second only to common carp. The contribution of tilapias to global aquaculture production has increased over the past three decades with production in 2002 exceeding 1.5 million tonnes with an estimated value of US$1.8 billion. The average annual growth rate in aquaculture and capture fisheries production of tilapias from 1970 to 2002 has been 13.2 percent and 3.5 percent, respectively. In the present context of development, success of a species is determined not only by its contribution to production per se, but also by its social, cultural, economic and environmental impacts. Although tilapia has been associated with adverse environmental impacts, detailed analysis of the literature suggested that other factors, such as overfishing, environmental degradation from land-based activities, and changes in hydrological regime have probably been more responsible for adverse impacts. It is clear that numerous factors working together can impact biodiversity. It is also clear that tilapias, as a group of alien species, have made a significant contribution to food production, poverty alleviation and livelihoods support in Asia and the Pacific. In spite of the wide-scale introduction into Asian waters, there is scant explicit evidence to indicate that tilapias have been overly destructive environmentally.

Trinational Risk Assessment Guidelines for Aquatic Alien Invasive Species Test Cases for the Snakeheads (Channidae) and Armored Catfi shes ( Loricariidae) in North American Inland Waters. Commission for Environmental Cooperation, 2009.

This report covers guidelines in risk assessments and socioeconomic impacts and analyses of invasive aquatic species in Canada, Mexico and the United States. There are several case studies of armoured catfish included in the document. Also available in the appendices are: an organism risk assessment form, an inferential estimation of organism risk and pathway risk, and a glossary of relevant terms and definitions.

Turkey: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Turkey

Turning the tide : the eradication of invasive species, proceedings of the International conference on eradication of island invasives

This collection of 52 papers and 21 abstracts focuses on sharing available knowledge to combat the threat of invasive alien species. Turning the tide of biological invasion by eradicating invasive species can yield substantial benefits for biodiversity conservation. As more eradications are attempted worldwide, it is increasingly important that lessons are learned from each and every one of these attempts, whether successful or unsuccessful. This publication is intended to share with a wider audience the insights and practical experience gained.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on alien and invasive species in the UK

United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)- Bioenergy Issue Paper Series No 3: Gain or Pain Biofuels and Invasive Species

The document is part of a series of articles concerning the use of species with high invasive potential for biofuel production. Included are the invasive risks of biofuel crops, prevention and mitigation options, case studies and definitions, a list of relevant resources, as well as a guide for policy makers, investors and developers.

United Republic of Tanzania: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic report on invasive and alien species in Tanzania.

Uruguay: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Convention on Biological Diversity. Thematic rpeort on alien and invasive species in Uruguay

Vertebrate pest decision support system - Pest Management and Landcare Research

This is a tool provided by Landcare Research to assist landowners or pest managers in implementing pest control strategies. The support system among several things will identify the most suitable management options, enable prioritisation for pest management options, and deliver best current practice for all methods in order to minimise risks and maximise the effectiveness of implemented strategies. Parties interested in pest management are required to fill in the details of several criteria, including: targeted location for management, climate and habitat, control options and costs and control history. The decision support system (DSS) aims to help New Zealanders, from novices to experts, select the most appropriate options for controlling vertebrate pests in a particular locality.

Using your answers to a series of questions about the control operation you want to undertake, the DSS systematically evaluates the potential constraints that may be operating in the area, and provides you with ‘best practice’ advice and other information about the recommended options. Presently the DSS covers five common pests - possum, ferret, feral cat, stoat and rat.

Vietnam: Thematic Report to CBD on Alien and Invasive Species

Thematic report on alien and invasive species in Vietnam

Voluntary Code of Conduct for Saint Lucia’s Ornamental Plant Sector

Report produced by the public and private partners attending the Ornamental Plants and Invasive Alien Species Workshop in Saint Lucia 2011 under the project: Mitigating the Threats of Invasive Alien Species in the Insular Caribbean

Weed Management Guide - African Boxthorn

This is a guide to managing the invasive weed, African Boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum). It includes important information such as the weed's identification, ecology, dispersal method, and suitable control techniques. Additionally, there is a distribution map and a case study.

Weed Management Guide - Bellyache Bush

This guide contains information on the plant's ecology, identification, distribution and method of dispersal, management and legislation. Included are a list of weed control contacts and a case study.

Weed Management Guiude: Opuntioid Cacti including Austrocylindropuntia, Cylindropuntia and Opuntia species.

This is a guide to managing opuntioid cacti in Australia. It contains information on the species' ecology, history and methods of spread, distribution (with maps), control methods including biocontrol, legislation, identification, and case studies.

Weeds Australia - Weed Identification - Asparagus Fern

This section of the asparagus weeds manual provides information on asparagus fern (Asparagus scandens), such as distribution, ecology, history of introduction, method of dispersal, legal status, control methods, and life cycle.

Weeds Australia - Weed Identification - Bellyache Bush

This section of the asparagus weeds manual provides information on bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia), such as distribution, ecology, history of introduction, method of dispersal, legal status, control methods, and life cycle.

Weeds Australia - Weeds of National Significance - Asparagus weeds

This site provides information and usefull links to the identification, management and other information on asparagus weeds in Australia. This includes the species: Asparagus aethiopicus, Asparagus africanus, Asparagus asparagoides, Asparagus declinatus, Asparagus plumosus, and Asparagus scandens. Included in this site are links to identifying the different Asparagus species, a best practice manual, priority framework and a national strategic plan.

Weeds Australia - Weeds of National Significance - Athel Pine

This site provides extensive information on the spread, distribution and management of Athel Pine (Tamarix aphylla) in Australia. Included on this site are links to resources such as the national priority framework, a potential distribution map, a management map, a best practice management manual, a review of progress strategic plan, and links to other relevant documents and resources.

Weeds Australia - Weeds of National Significance - Bellyache Bush

This site provides extensive information and links to relevant resources for the management of bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) in Australia. It contains identification help, current and potential distribution maps, a management guide, a best practice management manual and a management map.

Weeds Australia - Weeds of National Significance - Chilean Needle Grass

This page provides information and links to useful resources on the management of Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana)) in Australia. This includes a national priority action framework, a best practice management manual, management and potential distribution maps, and national strategies.

Weeds Australia - Weeds of National Significance - Fireweed

This page provides information and links to useful resources on the management of fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) in Australia. This includes a strategic plan, a best practice management manual,a national management guide, and a plant identification resource.

Weeds Australia - Weeds of National Significance - Gorse

This page provides information and links to useful resources on the management of gorse (Ulex europaeus) in Australia. This includes a national priority action framework, management and potential distribution maps, a best practice manual, and links to gorse national strategies.

Weeds Australia - Weeds of National Significance - Hymenachne

This page provides information and links to useful resources on the management of Hymenachne (Hymenachne amplexicaulus) in Australia. This includes a national priority action framework, management and potential distribution maps, a national management manual, GIS data (shapefiles and metadata) and links to national strategies.

Weeds Australia - Weeds of National Significance - Lantana

This page provides information and links to useful resources on the management of lantana (Lantana camara) in Australia. This includes a national priority action framework, management and potential distribution maps, remote sensing maps, a best practice manual and decision support tool, national plans for lantana, contacts for the National Lantana Management Group and links to national strategies.

Weeds Australia - Weeds of National Significance - Mesquite

This page provides information and links to useful resources on the management of mesquite (Prosopis spp.) in Australia. This includes a national priority action framework for the species, national strategies, management and potential distribution maps, and a best practice management manual.

Weeds Australia - Weeds of National Significance - Parkinsonia

This page provides information and links to useful resources on the management of Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) in Australia. This includes a national priority action framework, a best practice management manual, and management and distribution maps as well as links to national strategies

Weeds Australia - Weeds of National Significance - Prickly Acacia

This page provides information and links to useful resources on the management of prickly acacia (Acacia nilotica subsp. indica) in Australia. This includes a national priority action framework, a best practice management manual, management and distribution maps as well as links to national strategies.

Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith