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Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1759
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Some brown trout have been reported to reach weights of up to thirty pounds (13.6 kg) and lengths of three feet (91 cm).
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Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Salmo_trutta/ |
Global Range: Native to Europe and western Asia. Introduced and established throughout much of U.S. and southern Canada; locally common.
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Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Salmo+trutta |
Atlantic, North, White and Baltic Sea basins, from Spain to Chosha Bay (Russia). Present in Iceland and in northernmost rivers of Great Britain and Scandinavia. In Rhne drainage, native only to Lake Geneva basin, which it entered after last glaciation. Native to upper Danube and Volga drainages. Introduced throughout Europe, North and South America, southern and montane eastern Africa, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Japan, New Zealand and Australia.
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Rights holder/Author | International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/19861 |
Zeeforellen kunnen maximaal 1,40 meter lang en 20 kilogram zwaar worden. Het gebeurt nogal eens dat grotere exemplaren voor zalm worden aangezien. Zeeforellen zijn echter minder zeldzaam dan zalmen. De zeeforel voedt zich met vlokreeften, insecten, zandspiering, haring en wormen.
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Rights holder/Author | Ecomare |
Source | http://www.ecomare.nl/index.php?id=3890&L=2 |
Fusiform body (Ref. 51442). Head little and pointed (Ref. 51442). Mouth large, extending mostly after the eye and has well developed teeth (Ref. 51442). Teeth on shaft of vomer numerous and strongly developed (Ref. 7251). Caudal fin with 18-19 rays (Ref. 2196). Caudal peduncle thick and rounded (Ref. 51442). Little scales (Ref. 51442). Body is grey-blue colored with numerous spots, also below the lateral line (Ref. 51442). Blackish colored on upper part of body, usually orange on sides, surrounded by pale halos. Adipose fin with red margin.
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Rights holder/Author | Rainer Froese, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=238 |
Salmo trutta (Salmo trutta (N=3)) preys on:
Insecta
zoobenthos
Cyclops
Simulium
Crangon crangon
Nereis diversicolor
Copepoda
Balanus balanoides
Neomysis integer
Corophium volutator
Gammarus
Jaera albifrons
Hydrobia ulvae
Lepomis macrochirus
Terrestrial invertebrates
Plant material
Costachorema xanthoptera
Deleatidium lilli
Megaleptoperla diminuta
Oeconesus
Oligochaeta
Paracalliope fluviatalus
Polyplectropus puerilis
Stenoperla prasinia
Zelandoperla agnetis
Paranephrops zealandicus
detritus
Amphipoda
Aoteapsyche
Aphrophila noevaezelandiae
Austrosimulium australense
Maoridiamesea
Naonella
Coloburiscus humeralis
Deleatidium
Hudsonema amabilis
Hydora nitida
Hydrobiosidae
Potamopyrgus antipodarum
Psilachorema bidens
Pycnocentrodes evecta
Zelandoperlinae
Archichauliodes diversus
Tanytarsini
Helicopsyche albescens
Hudsonema aliena
Scirtidae
Cricotopus II
Hydrobiosis parumbripennis
Hydrobiosis type Black Pronotum
Hydrobiosis type checkers
Nesameletus ornatus
Olinga feredayi
Pycnocentria
Pycnocentrodes
Zelandoperla
Zephlebia spectabilis
Austroclima jollyae
Diamesid Blond
Diamesid Brown Orange
Neocurupira hudsonii
Stenoperla cyrene
Terrestial invertebrates
Amelotopsis perscitus
Atalophlebioides cromwelli
Baraeoptera roria
Pirara
Polypedellum
Cricotopus I
Hydrobiosis
Oxyethira albiceps
Orthocladiinae
Eukiefferiella
Tanytarsini I
Hydraena orchymontia
Hydrobiosella
Paroxyethira eatoni/hintoni
Zelolessica cheira
Tanypodini
Olinga feredayii
Aoteapsyche raruraru
Austroperla cyrene
Hydrobiosella stenocerca
Hydrobiosis charadrea
Megaleptoperla grandis
Orchymontia
Paracalliope
Philorheithrus agilis
Polypedilum Type II
Pycnocentria evecta
Terrestrial invertebrate remains
Aoteapsyche colonica
Hydrobiosis frater
Naonella forsythii
Tanytarsus type blunt
Orthoclad Blue Black
Oligochaeta II
Podaena
Zelandoperla fenestrata
Based on studies in:
Austria, Vorderer Finstertaler Lake (Lake or pond)
England, River Cam (River)
Scotland (Estuarine)
New Zealand: Otago, Berwick, Meggatburn (River)
New Zealand: Otago, Blackrock, Lee catchment (River)
New Zealand: Otago, Broad, Lee catchment (River)
New Zealand: South Island, Canton Creek, Taieri River, Lee catchment (River)
New Zealand: Otago, Dempster's Stream, Taieri River, 3 O'Clock catchment (River)
New Zealand: Otago, German, Kye Burn catchment (River)
New Zealand: Otago, Kye Burn (River)
New Zealand: Otago, North Col, Silver catchment (River)
New Zealand: Otago, Sutton Stream, Taieri River, Sutton catchment (River)
New Zealand: Otago, Venlaw, Mimihau catchment (River)
New Zealand: Otago, Little Kye, Kye Burn catchment (River)
This list may not be complete but is based on published studies.
- Thompson, RM and Townsend CR. 2005. Energy availability, spatial heterogeneity and ecosystem size predict food-web structure in streams. OIKOS 108: 137-148.
- Townsend, CR, Thompson, RM, McIntosh, AR, Kilroy, C, Edwards, ED, Scarsbrook, MR. 1998. Disturbance, resource supply and food-web architecture in streams. Ecology Letters 1:200-209.
- Thompson, RM and Townsend, CR. 1999. The effect of seasonal variation on the community structure and food-web attributes of two streams: implications for food-web science. Oikos 87: 75-88.
- P. H. T. Hartley, Food and feeding relationships in a community of fresh-water fishes, J. Anim. Ecol. 17(1):1-14, from p. 12 (1948).
- R. Pechlaner, G. Bretschko, P. Gollmann, H. Pfeifer, M. Tilzer and H. P. Weissenbach, Ein Hochgebirgssee (Vorderer Finstertaler See, K htai, Tirol) als Modell des Energietransportes durch ein limnisches Oekosystem, Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 65:47-56, from p
- Hall SJ, Raffaelli D (1991) Food-web patterns: lessons from a species-rich web. J Anim Ecol 60:823842
- Huxham M, Beany S, Raffaelli D (1996) Do parasites reduce the chances of triangulation in a real food web? Oikos 76:284300
- Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2006. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed February 16, 2011 at http://animaldiversity.org. http://www.animaldiversity.org
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Rights holder/Author | Cynthia Sims Parr, Joel Sachs, SPIRE |
Source | http://spire.umbc.edu/fwc/ |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 73
Specimens with Barcodes: 95
Species With Barcodes: 1
Comments: May hybridize with SALVELINUS FONTINALIS.
See Bernatchez (2001) for a phylogeographic analysis based on mtDNA data.
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Rights holder/Author | NatureServe |
Source | http://explorer.natureserve.org/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Salmo+trutta |
Found in streams, ponds, rivers and lakes (Ref. 5951). Individuals spend 1 to 5 years in fresh water and 6 months to 5 years in salt water (Ref. 51442). Juveniles mature in 3-4 years (Ref. 6885). Lacustrine populations undertake migration to tributaries and lake outlets to spawn, rarely spawning on stone, wave-washed lake shores. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift current, usually characterized by downward movement of water intro gravel (Ref. 59043). Spawning takes place normally more than one time (Ref. 51442). They prefer cold, well-oxygenated upland waters although their tolerance limits are lower than those of rainbow trout and favors large streams in the mountainous areas with adequate cover in the form of submerged rocks, undercut banks, and overhanging vegetation (Ref. 6465). Life history and spawning behavior is similar to the salmon Salmo salar (Ref. 51442). Each female produces about 10.000 eggs (Ref. 35388, Ref. 51442). Mainly diurnal (Ref. 682). Sea and lake trouts forage in pelagic and littoral habitats, while sea trouts mainly close to coast, not very far from estuary of natal river (Ref. 59043). Juveniles feed mainly on aquatic and terrestrial insects; adults on mollusks, crustaceans and small fish (Ref. 26523, Ref. 51442). Marketed fresh and smoked; eaten fried, broiled, boiled, cooked in microwave, and baked (Ref. 9988).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Susan M. Luna, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=238 |
nektonic
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Rights holder/Author | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License |
Source | http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=127187 |