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Species
Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) P. Beauv. 1812
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
* Grasslands. W Sichuan, NW Yunnan (Lijiang).
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Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200024978 |
Brachypodium sylvaticum, commonly known as false brome, slender false brome or wood false brome, is a perennial grass native to Europe, Asia and Africa. It has a broad native range stretching from North Africa to Eurasia.[1]
The bunchgrass is most commonly found in forests and woodlands, preferring the shaded canopy, but may grow in open areas. It prefers well drained neutral and calcerous soils, and avoids wet conditions.
Contents
Description[edit]
Brachypodium sylvaticum is a tall tufted perennial bunchgrass that grows up to about a 0.9 metres (3.0 ft) high.
The drooping leaf blade of the plant is dark green, or bright-yellow green, flat and up to 12 mm wide with a fringe of hairs surrounding the edge of the leaf. The leaves do not have auricles. The leaf blade is joined to the hollow culm by the leaf sheath. This hairy sheath is open and surrounds the culm. The culm is pilose (long, soft, hairy), and typically has 4 to 5 nodes.[2] The ligules are blunt, 1–6 millimetres (0.039–0.236 in) long.
The grass has drooping narrow long spikelets of flowers on very short pedicels. The flower head is 6–20 centimetres (2.4–7.9 in) long, the plant flowering in July and August. Its awns are straight and 6–18 millimetres (0.24–0.71 in) long, projecting out of the end of the spikelets.
Wildlife value[edit]
Its seeds can be dispersed by wildlife and humans. The caterpillars of some Lepidoptera use it as a foodplant, e.g. the Chequered Skipper (Carterocephalus palaemon) and the Essex Skipper (Thymelicus lineola).
Invasive species in North America[edit]
The grass is an introduced species in North America. Brachypodium sylvaticum is an invasive species colonizing new areas and outcompeting native plants. As this species has spread to the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. it has demonstrated a capability of dominating forest understories and open grasslands to the exclusion of all other flora found in those areas.
Recent observations suggest that populations at the leading edge of the expanding range undergo an establishment phase before they can contribute to the local invasion, perhaps because newly colonized populations are suffering from inbreeding depression.
- Oregon
Brachypodium sylvaticum is a newly invasive brome species in Oregon that is rapidly expanding in the Pacific Northwest. Although B. sylvaticum appears to be in the early phases of invasion in North America, it has become a noxious weed throughout the Willamette Valley area of Oregon in the last 20 years.[3] It is speculated that B. sylvaticum was first introduced to Oregon in range experiments when accessions from the native range were planted at two locations in the Willamette Valley anywhere between 70 to 80 years ago.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ Hitchcock et al. 1969
- ^ C E Hubbard (1978). Grasses. Penguin books.
- ^ (Kaye 2001)
- ^ (Rosenthal et al. 2008)
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Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brachypodium_sylvaticum&oldid=607942796 |
Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Albotricha acutipila is saprobic on dead stem of Brachypodium sylvaticum
Remarks: season: 4-8
Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Albotricha albotestacea is saprobic on dead leaf of Brachypodium sylvaticum
Remarks: season: 2-8
Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Belonopsis filispora is saprobic on dead, fallen stem of Brachypodium sylvaticum
Remarks: season: 5-11
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
Blumeria graminis parasitises live Brachypodium sylvaticum
Plant / resting place / within
puparium of Cerodontha pygmaea may be found in leaf-mine of Brachypodium sylvaticum
Other: major host/prey
Foodplant / gall
stroma of Epichlo causes gall of stem of Brachypodium sylvaticum
Foodplant / saprobe
mostly immersed, becoming partly erumpent to free pseudothecium of Lophiostoma semiliberum is saprobic on dead stem of Brachypodium sylvaticum
Remarks: season: 12-4
Foodplant / saprobe
colony of Periconia dematiaceous anamorph of Periconia britannica is saprobic on dead stem of Brachypodium sylvaticum
Remarks: season: 5-7
Foodplant / saprobe
pycnidium of Hendersonia coelomycetous anamorph of Phaeosphaeria vagans is saprobic on dead stem of Brachypodium sylvaticum
Foodplant / spot causer
embedded stroma of Phyllachora graminis causes spots on live leaf of Brachypodium sylvaticum
Foodplant / saprobe
apothecium of Pirottaea exilispora is saprobic on dead stem of Brachypodium sylvaticum
Remarks: season: 4
Foodplant / parasite
telium of Puccinia brachypodii var. brachypodii parasitises live leaf of Brachypodium sylvaticum
Remarks: season: 7-11
Other: major host/prey
Foodplant / spot causer
linear, long covered by epidermis telium of Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis causes spots on live inflorescence of Brachypodium sylvaticum
Canada
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Present
Confidence: Confident
United States
Origin: Exotic
Regularity: Regularly occurring
Currently: Unknown/Undetermined
Confidence: Confident
Fl. & Fr. Per.: (April-) June-September.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200024979 |
Distribution: Pakistan (Punjab, N.W.F.P., Gilgit & Kashmir); Europe and temperate Asia and the mountains of tropical Asia.
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Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200024979 |
Widely distributed in the temperate regions of Eurasia and northern Africa.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1050&taxon_id=200024979 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 11
Specimens with Barcodes: 15
Species With Barcodes: 1
Perennials, Terrestrial, no t aquatic, Rhizomes present, Rhizome short and compact, stems close, Stems nodes swollen or brittle, Stems erect or ascending, Stems caespitose, tufted, or clustered, Stems terete, round in cross section, or polygonal, Stem nodes bearded or hairy, Stem internodes hollow, Stems with inflorescence less than 1 m tall, Stems, culms, or scapes exceeding basal leaves, Leaves mostly cauline, Leaves conspicuously 2-ranked, distichous, Leaves sheathing at base, Leaf sheath mostly open, or loose, Leaf sheath smooth, glabrous, Leaf sheath hairy, hispid or prickly, Leaf sheath and blade differentiated, Leaf blades linear, Leaf blades 2-10 mm wide, Leaf blades 1-2 cm wide, Leaf blades mostly flat, Leaf blades mostly glabrous, Leaf blades more or less hairy, Leaf blades scabrous, roughened, or wrinkled, Ligule present, Ligule a fringed, ciliate, or lobed membrane, Inflorescence terminal, Inflorescence solitary, with 1 spike, fascicle, glomerule, head, or cluster per stem or culm, Inflore scence lax, widely spreading, branches drooping, pendulous, Inflorescence curved, twisted or nodding, Inflorescence a panicle with narrowly racemose or spicate branches, Inflorescence single raceme, fascicle or spike, Flowers bisexual, Spikelets pedicellate, Spikelets laterally compressed, Spikelet less than 3 mm wide, Spikelets with 8-40 florets, Spikelets solitary at rachis nodes, Spikelets all alike and fertille, Spikelets bisexual, Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes, glumes persistent, Spikelets disarticulating beneath or between the florets, Spikelets closely appressed or embedded in concave portions of axis, Rachilla or pedicel glabrous, Glumes present, empty bracts, Glumes 2 clearly present, Glumes distinctly unequal, Glumes shorter than adjacent lemma, Glumes 4-7 nerved, Lemmas thin, chartaceous, hyaline, cartilaginous, or membranous, Lemma 5-7 nerved, Lemma glabrous, Lemma apex acute or acuminate, Lemma distinctly awned, more than 2-3 mm, Lemma with 1 awn, Lemma awn less than 1 cm long, Lemma awn 1-2 cm long, Lemma awned from tip, Lemma awns straight or curved to base, Lemma margins thin, lying flat, Lemma straight, Palea present, well developed, Palea membranous, hyaline, Palea about equal to lemma, Palea 2 nerved or 2 keeled, Stamens 3, Styles 2-fid, deeply 2-branched, Stigmas 2, Fruit - caryopsis, Caryopsis ellipsoid, longitudinally grooved, hilum long-linear, Caryopsis hairy at apex.
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Rights holder/Author | Compiled from several sources by Dr. David Bogler, Missouri Botanical Garden in collaboration with the USDA NRCS NPDC |
Source | http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=BRSY |