Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758)
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Due to its popularity as a game animal and a food source, O. cuniculus has been introduced by humans widely around the world. These animals spread through much of the Mediterranean world in Roman times, and through much of Europe during the Middle Ages. Domestication and selective breeding have been practiced for over 1000 years. During the Age of Exploration, rabbits were left on hundreds of islands as a food source for later voyages, often with devastating consequences for island ecologies. (Nowak, 1999)
The introduction of O. cuniculus into Australia has created an ongoing ecological case study. The first rabbits were brought to Australia in the late 1700s, but the "invasion" really began around 1850. By 1900 O. cuniculus in Australia numbered an estimated 20 million. Its range, limited only by lack of water, spanned 1600 km. These animals became a serious threat to agriculture, primarily by competing for food with sheep and cattle. Therefore, extensive (and generally unsuccessful) efforts to control them were undertaken, including the large-scale use of poison baits. (Parker, 1990) A problem of secondary poisoning of rabbit predators (themselves introduced) has been documented. (Heyward & Norbury, 1999)
The economic costs to agriculture are dwarfed, however, by the ecological cost to the indigenous Australian flora and fauna. Many native mammal species are at a competitive disadvantage to rabbits. A number of extinctions have been reported, with many other species in steep decline, though introduced predators have undoubtedly also played a role. Plant communities are also devastated by the voracious rabbits, and the denuded landscape is subject to increased erosion, further threatening native species through habitat destruction. (Parker, 1990; Nowak, 1999)
On the other hand, rabbits may provide benefits to some native species. Their burrowing loosens soil, which can be advantageous for certain plant and animal species, and abandoned burrows provide ready-made shelters. (Parker, 1990)
A new chapter in the war against rabbits began with the introduction of the disease myxomatosis into populations of O. cuniculus in the 1950s. Myxomatosis is caused by a virus endemic to South American rabbits, which have developed such a resistance that the disease has little effect on them. However, when European rabbits were first exposed to the virus, the effect was devastating. In some areas the rabbit population was virtually wiped out. Those rabbits that survived gradually became more resistant, but this immunity weakens over time in the absence of the virus. The result is that rabbit populations have been reduced, sometimes by more than 90%, and remaining populations are periodically ravaged by new epidemics of the virus. Myxomatosis has failed to eradicate rabbits, as many had hoped, but it has greatly diminished their numbers.
- Heyward, R., G. Norbury. 1999. Secondary poisoning of ferrets and cats after 1080 rabbit poisoning. Wildlife Research, 26(1): 75-80.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
| Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Oryctolagus_cuniculus/ |
Global Range: Apparently native throughout southwestern Europe and northwestern Africa. Introduced to many other regions including: Great Britian; Ukraine; New Zealand; Australia; South America; islands of the central Pacific Ocean (Hawaii: presently on Manana and Lehua); and North America.
Oryctolagus cuniculus, also called a European, an Old World, or a domestic rabbit, is the only species in its genus. The last Ice Age confined the species to the Iberian peninsula and small areas of France and northwest Africa, but due to human action and adaptability of this species, European rabbits today exist in the wild on every continent except Asia and Antarctica. Domesticated O. cuniculus may be found worldwide.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Introduced ); palearctic (Native ); oriental (Introduced ); ethiopian (Introduced ); neotropical (Introduced ); australian (Introduced ); oceanic islands (Introduced )
Other Geographic Terms: cosmopolitan
- Parker, S. 1990. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc..
- Wilson, D., D. Reeder. 1993. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Washington, D.C: The Smithsonian Institution.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
| Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Oryctolagus_cuniculus/ |
Original distribution after last ice age included Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) to western France and northern Africa, and the introduction throughout western Europe is thought to have occurred as early as the Roman period (Gibb 1990, Mitchell-Jones et al. 1999).
Currently ranges through all Western European countries, Ireland and the UK (including islands), Austria, parts of Sweden, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, and Mediterranean islands Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Crete, the Balearics (Thompson and King 1994), Croatia, and Slovakia (Mitchell-Jones et al. 1999). Introduced to Australia, in 1788 and again in 1859, where it is now widespread (Thompson and King 1994). Introduced to South America unsuccessfully several times since the mid-nineteenth century, successfully in about 1936 where it maintains limited range in Argentina and Chile (Thompson and King 1994). Found in many islands in the Pacific, off the African coast, New Zealand, and the Caribbean (Thompson and King 1994).
O. cuniculus is usually found below 1,500 m in elevation (Fa et al. 1999).
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
| Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/41291 |
Rabbits are preyed upon by a wide variety of carnivores, including canines, felines, mustelids, hawks and owls.
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
| Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Oryctolagus_cuniculus/ |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 4
Specimens with Barcodes: 17
Species With Barcodes: 1
The European rabbit or common rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a species of rabbit native to southwestern Europe (Spain and Portugal) and northwest Africa (Morocco and Algeria).[3] It has been widely introduced elsewhere, often with devastating effects on local biodiversity. However, its decline in its native range (caused by the diseases myxomatosis and rabbit calicivirus, as well as overhunting and habitat loss), has caused the decline of its highly dependent predators, the Iberian lynx and the Spanish imperial eagle. It is known as an invasive species because it has been introduced to countries on all continents with the exception of Antarctica and sub-Saharan Africa, and caused many problems within the environment and ecosystems. Australia has the most problems with European rabbits, due to the lack of natural predators there.
The European rabbit is well known for digging networks of burrows, called warrens, where it spends most of its time when not feeding. Unlike the related hares (Lepus spp.), rabbits are altricial, the young being born blind and furless, in a fur-lined nest in the warren, and they are totally dependent upon their mother. Much of the modern research into wild rabbit behaviour was carried out in the 1960s by two research centres. One was the naturalist Ronald Lockley, who maintained a number of large enclosures for wild rabbit colonies, with observation facilities, in Orielton, Pembrokeshire. Apart from publishing a number of scientific papers, he popularised his finding in a book The Private Life of the Rabbit,[4] which is credited by Richard Adams as having played a key role in his gaining "a knowledge of rabbits and their ways" that was espoused in the novel Watership Down. The other group was the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Australia, where Mykytowycz and Myers performed numerous studies of the social behaviour of wild rabbits. Since the onset of myxomatosis, and the decline of the significance of the rabbit as an agricultural pest, few large-scale studies have been performed and many aspects of rabbit behaviour are still poorly understood.
Contents
Terminology[edit]
Rabbits are known by many names. Young rabbits are known by the names 'bunny', 'kit', or 'kitten'. A male rabbit is called a 'buck', and a female rabbit is called a 'doe'. A group of rabbits is known as a 'colony' or a 'nest'.[5] Colloquially, a rabbit may be referred to as a "coney" or a "bunny", though the former is archaic.
Physical description[edit]
The European rabbit is a smallish, grey-brown (or sometimes black) mammal, although it ranks as medium-sized by lagomorph standards. It ranges from 34 to 50 cm (13 to 20 inches) in length, not counting a tail of 4 to 8 cm (1.6 to 3.1 in). Weight can range from approximately 1.1 to 2.5 kg (2.4 to 5.5 lb).[6] As a lagomorph, it has four sharp incisors (two on top, two on bottom) that grow continuously throughout its life, and two peg teeth on the top behind the incisors, dissimilar to those of rodents (which have only two each, top and bottom). Rabbits have long ears, large hind legs, and short, fluffy tails. Rabbits move by hopping, using their long and powerful hind legs. To facilitate quick movement, a rabbit's hind feet have a thick padding of fur to dampen the shock of rapid hopping. Their toes are long, and are webbed to keep from spreading apart as the animal jumps.
Ecology and behavior[edit]
Habitat[edit]
Rabbits are social animals, living in medium-sized colonies known as warrens. They are largely crepuscular, being most active around dawn and dusk, although they are not infrequently seen active during the day. During the day, rabbits prefer to reside in vegetated patches, which they use for protection from predators.[7] At night, they move into open prairie to feed.[7] Rabbit populations seem to be greatest in ecotone habitats and less in scrublands or grasslands.[8] Rabbits require at least 55% water content in their diet to reproduce successfully and to maintain a healthy condition.[9] Rabbits are essentially mixed-feeders, both grazing and browsing, but grass is their primary food source. They nevertheless have a diverse diet of grasses, leaves, buds, tree bark, and roots. They will also eat lettuce, cabbage, root vegetables, and grains. Birds of prey are the primary predators of rabbits in scrublands.[8] Rabbits in grasslands are preyed on by carnivores. Ecotone rabbits are preyed on by both.[8]
Social organization[edit]
Rabbits live in warrens that contain two to 10 other individuals living in smaller groups to ensure greater breeding success.[10]Territoriality and aggression contribute greatly to the rabbits maturation process and help ensure survival of the population.[11] Mature male and females are better at fighting off predators.[11] Females tend to be more territorial than males, although the areas most frequented by females are not defended.[12] Rabbit mark their territories with dung hills.[13] They expel soft, mucus-covered pellets that are then reingested (coprophagy). They also expel larger pellets covered with secretions from the anal gland.[14] A rabbit’s success in repelling strangers depends on the potency of the pellets. When young rabbits leave their natal warrens, they either settle in pre-existing territories, unoccupied established territories or become transients.[15] Females tend to move into neighboring territories, while males tend to move further away.[15]
The rabbit mating system is rather complex. Dominant males exhibit polygyny, whereas lower-status individuals (males and females) often form monogamous breeding relationships. Rabbits signal when they are ready to copulate by marking inanimate objects while giving off odoriferous substances though their chin gland, a process known as "chinning".[16]Dominance hierarchies exist in parallel for both males and females. Social rank is based on the amount of group aggression.[17] The dominant buck has greater mobility and more aggression than the dominant doe. This is likely because males have to fight each other for the females.[12] The social hierarchy of males is also determined by a number of other factors, such as the size of his patrol area, the number of females that visit his area, resting time near females, the number of shelters he visits, and the distance he travels daily.
Rabbits can be extremely aggressive in the wild, and competition between males can often lead to severe injury and death. Although hostile displays are used, and males often squirt urine on challengers as a form of high dominance, this nearly always enrages the challenger, resulting in immediate attack.[4] Rabbits use their powerful back legs as weapons, kicking at an opponent's underside, as well as biting and scratching with the front paws.
Reproduction[edit]
Rabbits are famed for their reproductive capabilities. Although certainly not the strongest, fastest, or smartest of the mammals, they have carved out a strong ecological niche through their rate of impregnation, because female rabbits ovulate at the time of copulation. One striking example of rapid rabbit reproduction took place in Australia, where the 24 rabbits first introduced in 1859 had multiplied in number to over 600 million over the course of less than a century.[18][19]
The gestation cycle for a rabbit averages 31 days, although it can vary between 29 and 35 days. Litter sizes generally range between two and 12 rabbits. The young are born in a nesting burrow dug by the female, to which she returns once a day for four weeks for them to suckle.[20] The rabbit's reproductive abilities were the inspiration for the phrase "breeding like rabbits". They can reproduce from three to four months of age. They can produce four to seven litters of offspring per year; a mature female can be pregnant continuously for up to eight months. One single pair of mature rabbits is able to produce 30-40 offspring per year. Kittens are born in a nest in an isolated part of the warren. The females build, prepare and defend the nest. A doe will mark the nest with urine and fecal dropping to deter others from invading the site.[21] Does take care of the kittens without help from the bucks. However, bucks show considerable investment in the welfare of young, although much of this aspect of rabbit behavior is poorly understood. Males may be trying to enhance their social status by being surrounded by friendly individuals.[11]
Humans' relationship with rabbits[edit]
Recent research has shown all European rabbits carry common genetic markers and descend from one of two maternal lines. These lines originated between 6.5 million and 12,000 years ago when glaciers isolated two herds; one on the Iberian Peninsula and the other in Mediterranean France. It can be surmised that man began hunting rabbits as a food source, but further research needs to be done to verify this. Little comprehensive evidence of the relationship of humans with European rabbits is documented until the medieval period.[22]
Humans' relationship with the European (sometimes called "true") rabbit was first recorded by the Phoenicians prior to 1000 BC, when they termed the Iberian Peninsula i-shaphan-ím (literally, the land of the hyraxes). This phrase closely resembles related modern Hebrew: i (אי) meaning island and shafan (שפן) meaning hyrax, plural shfaním (שפנים). Phoenicians called the local rabbits 'hyraxes' because hyraxes resemble rabbits in some ways, and were probably more common than rabbits in their native land (the Levant) at the time. Hyraxes, like rabbits, are not rodents. One theory states that Romans converted the phrase i-shaphan-ím, with influence from the Greek Spania, to its Latin form, Hispania, which evolved into the modern Spanish word España (English "Spain"), and such other variations in modern languages. The precise meaning of shafan remains unclear, but the balance of opinion appears to indicate that the hyrax is indeed the intended meaning.[23]
The European rabbit is the only rabbit species which has been domesticated. All pet breeds of rabbits, such as dwarf lops and angoras, are of this species. However, rabbits and humans interact in many different ways beyond domestication. Rabbits are an example of an animal treated as a food, pet, and pest by members of the same culture. Urbanized European rabbits descended from pets have become pest problems in some cities. For instance, one of the northernmost populations of the species is now hosted by Helsinki, Finland, with an estimated 2,500 animals at the end of 2006 and 5,000 in autumn, 2007.[24] Finland's native lagomorphs are the European hare and the mountain hare. In Iceland, populations of O. cuniculus are also found in Reykjavik and in the Vestmann Islands.
As an exotic pest[edit]
The European rabbit has been introduced as an exotic species into several environments, often with harmful results to vegetation and local wildlife. Such locations include Britain, where they were first introduced by the Romans following their invasion in AD 43;[25] (in November 2004 there were about 40 million European rabbits in the British Isles), Laysan Island (1903) and Lisianski Island in the Hawaiian Islands; Macquarie Island; Smith Island, San Juan Island (around 1900) later spreading to the other San Juan Islands; several islands off the coast of Southern Africa, one well-known example being that of Robben Island; Australia and New Zealand.[citation needed]
Twenty-four European rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1859 by estate owner Thomas Austin in Victoria. They soon spread throughout the country due to the lack of natural predators, widespread farming producing an ideal habitat, and mild Australian winters allowing them to breed year-round. Australia's equivalent to the rabbit, the bilby, was quickly pushed out by the rabbits. The bilbies are endangered, but are now making a comeback due to government protection. Between 1901 and 1907, Australia built an immense "rabbit-proof fence" to halt the westward expansion of the introduced rabbit population. The European rabbit can not only jump very high, but also burrow underground, making fencing essentially futile. During the 1950s, experiments with introduction of a virus, Myxomatosis cuniiculi, provided some relief in Australia, but not in New Zealand, where the insect vectors necessary for spread of the disease were not present. Myxomatosis can also infect pet rabbits of the same species. Today's remaining wild rabbits in Australia are largely immune to myxomatosis. The rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus, which causes rabbit haemorrhagic disease, has been cleared as a safe form of biological control agent against the European rabbit in Australia.
Domesticated rabbits[edit]
The only rabbit to be widely domesticated is the European rabbit, which has been extensively domesticated for food or as a pet. It was first widely kept in ancient Rome and was refined into a wider variety of breeds during the Middle Ages.
Domesticated rabbits have mostly been bred to be much larger than wild rabbits, though selective breeding has produced a wide range of breeds, which are kept as pets and food animals across the world. They have as much colour variation among themselves as other household pets. Their fur is prized for its softness and even today, Angora rabbits are raised for their long, soft fur, which is often spun into yarn. Other breeds are raised for the fur industry, particularly the Rex, which has a smooth, velvet-like coat and comes in a wide variety of colours and sizes.
In the middle-sized breeds, the teeth grow approximately 125 mm (5 in) per year for the upper incisors and about 200 mm (8 in) per year for the lower incisors. The teeth abrade away against one another, giving them a constantly sharp edge.
Status[edit]
Portuguese National Authorities (ICNB) have classified the rabbit as Near Threatened in Portugal, whilst Spanish authorities recently reclassified the rabbit as Vulnerable in Spain.[26] In 2008, the European Rabbit was re-classified by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) as "Near Threatened" in its native range due to the extent of recent declines[27]
See also[edit]
- Warren (domestic), man-made warrens used for the commercial breeding and raising of European rabbits for fur and meat from the medieval period onwards
- Rabbits in Australia, information on the European rabbit's status as a pest in Australia
- Cuniculture, the breeding and raising of domestic European rabbits
- Rabbit show jumping, a sport involving domestic European rabbits
- House Rabbit Society, a non-profit organization dedicated to domesticated European rabbit care, education, information, and advocacy
- List of rabbit breeds
- American Rabbit Breeders' Association, a non-profit organization focused on all aspects of raising, keeping and exhibiting domestic European rabbits
References[edit]
 |
Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oryctolagus cuniculus. |
 |
Wikispecies has information related to: Oryctolagus cuniculus |
- ^ Hoffman, R. S.; Smith, A. T. (2005). "Order Lagomorpha". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 205–206. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ Smith, A. T. & Boyer, A. F. (2008). "Oryctolagus cuniculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 May 2011. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is Near Threatened
- ^ http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Oryctolagus_cuniculus.html
- ^ a b RM Lockley (1964), The Private Life of the Rabbit, Andre Deutsch
- ^ "The collective Noun Page". Retrieved 2008-01-30.
- ^ Macdonald, D.W.; Barrett , P. (1993). Mammals of Europe. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09160-9.
- ^ a b Moreno, S. and R. D. Villafuerte, Migues (1996). "Cover is safe during the day but dangerous at night: the use of vegetation by European wild rabbit." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:1656-1660.
- ^ a b c Lombardi, L., N. Fernandez, et al. (2003). "Habitat-related Differences in Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Abundance, Distribution, and Activity." Journal of Mammology 84(1):26-36.
- ^ Clarke, G. M., Gross, S., Matthews, M., Catling, P. C., Baker, B., Hewitt, C. L., Crowther, D., & Saddler, S. R. 2000, Environmental Pest Species in Australia, Australia: State of the Environment, Second Technical Paper Series (Biodiversity), Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra.
- ^ Daly, J. C. (1981). "Effects of Social Organization and Environmental Diversity on Determining the Genetic Structure of a Population of the Wild Rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus." Evolution 35(4): 689-706.
- ^ a b c Dudzinski, M. L., R. Mykytowycz, et al. (1977). "Behavioral Characteristics of Adolescence in Young Captive European Rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus." Aggressive Behavior 3: 313-330.
- ^ a b Vastrade, F. M. (1987). "Spacing Behavior of Free-Ranging Domestic Rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus L." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 18:185-195.
- ^ Mykytowycz, R. and M. L. Dudzinski (1972). "Aggressive and Protective Behaviour of Adult Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.) Towards Rabbits." Behaviour 43: 97-120.
- ^ Sneddon, I. A. (1991). "Latrine Use by the European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)." Journal of Mammology 72(4): 769-775.
- ^ a b Kunkele, J. a. V. H., D. (1996). "Natal dispersal in the European wild rabbit." Animal Behavior 51:1047-1059.
- ^ Gonzalez-Mariscal, G., M. E. Albonetti, et al. (1997). "Transitory inhibition of scent marking by copulation in male and female rabbits." Animal Behavior 53:323-333.
- ^ Rodel, H. G., A. Bora, et al. (2004). "Density-dependent reproduction in the European rabbit: a consequence of individual response and age-dependent reproductive performance." Oikos 104:529-539.
- ^ "The virus that stunned Australia’s rabbits". Retrieved 2007-06-21.
- ^ "Building a Rabbit "Bomb" in Australia". SCDWS Briefs 10 (4). January 1995.
- ^ Hofmann,H: Wild Animals of Britain and Europe, HarperCollins 1995, pg.118-119 ISBN 0-00-762727-0
- ^ Mykytowycz, R. and M. L. Dudzinski (1972). "Aggressive and Protective Behaviour of Adult Rabbits Oryctolagus Cuniculus (L.) Towards Rabbits." Behaviour 43:97-120.
- ^ "History of Rabbit Domestication -- Western Europe".
- ^ "The Camel, the Hare and the Hyrax, chapter 6".
- ^ Kemppainen, Jouni K. (October 2007). "Kanit keskuudessamme (The rabbits among us)". Suomen Kuvalehti (in Finnish): 76–83.
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/4439339.stm
- ^ SECEM 2006 red list available at http://www.secem.es/PDFs/Lista%20roja%20SECEM.pdf
- ^ IUCN 2008 red list available at http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/full/41291/0
- Reversing Rabbit Decline 2005 report concerning efforts to recover rabbits in Spain and Portugal, supported by the IUCN Lagomorph and Cat Specialist Groups
External links[edit]
- View the rabbit genome in Ensembl
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_rabbit&oldid=649647571 |
occurs (regularly, as a native taxon) in multiple nations
Animal / carrion / dead animal feeder
gymnothecium of Actinodendron verticillatum feeds on dead bone of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sporangiophore of Actinomucor elegans is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
fruitbody of Agrocybe pediades is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung/debris feeder
larva of Aphodius brevis feeds on dung/debris usually part dried dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: major host/prey
Plant / resting place / within
imago of Aphodius coenosus may be found in dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Arnium leporinum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Arnium macrotheca is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Arnium mendax is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: minor host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascobolus albidus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascobolus boudieri is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascobolus brassicae is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
gregarious apothecium of Ascobolus ciliatus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascobolus crenulatus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascobolus degluptus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascobolus elegans is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sessile apothecium of Ascobolus equinus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascobolus immersus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascobolus mancus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascobolus minutus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascobolus roseopurpurascens is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascobolus stercorarius is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascobolus stictoideus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
solitary or gregarious apothecium of Ascodesmis microscopica is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sessile, densely gregarious apothecium of Ascophanus bresadolae is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascozonus crouanii is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascozonus cunicularius is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascozonus parvisporus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascozonus subhirtus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Ascozonus woolhopensis is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: major host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
erect, usually in small fascicles stroma of Bombardioidea bombardioides is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
erect, usually in small fascicles stroma of Bombardioidea serignanensis is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
erect, usually in small fascicles stroma of Bombardioidea stercoris is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
synnematum of Cephalotrichum dematiaceous anamorph of Cephalotrichum nanum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
synnematum of Cephalotrichum dematiaceous anamorph of Cephalotrichum purpureofuscum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
synnematum of Echinobotryum dematiaceous anamorph of Cephalotrichum stemonitis is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / associate
sporangiophore of Chaetocladium brefeldii is associated with dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / associate
sporangiophore of Chaetocladium jonesii is associated with dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Chaetomium atrobrunneum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: unusual host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Chaetomium aureum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: unusual host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Chaetomium bostrychodes is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: unusual host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Chaetomium crispatum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: unusual host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Chaetomium elatum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Chaetomium globosum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: unusual host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Chaetomium murorum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: unusual host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Chaetomium quadrangulatum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: unusual host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
solitary or gregarious, sessile apothecium of Cheilymenia fimicola is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: minor host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
sessile apothecium of Cheilymenia raripila is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasite / ectoparasite
Cheyletiella parasitivorax ectoparasitises body of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasitoid / ectoparasitoid
Chorioptes cuniculi is ectoparasitoid of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasite / endoparasite
tapeworm of Cittotaenia denticulata endoparasitises intestine of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasite / endoparasite
tapeworm of Cittotaenia pectinata endoparasitises intestine of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Coniochaeta hansenii is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Coniochaeta ligniaria is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Coniochaeta saccardoi is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Coniochaeta scatigena is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
fruitbody of Coprinopsis filamentifer is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of weathered dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
fruitbody of Coprinus sterquilinus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of weathered dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: major host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
fruitbody of Coprinus tuberosus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of weathered dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sessile apothecium of Coprotus albidus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sessile apothecium of Coprotus glaucellus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sessile apothecium of Coprotus lacteus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sessile apothecium of Coprotus niveus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sessile apothecium of Coprotus rhyparobioides is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: major host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
sessile apothecium of Coprotus sexdecimsporus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Animal / dung saprobe
fruitbody of Cyathus stercoreus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of weathered dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
pseudothecium of Delitschia chaetomoides is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
pseudothecium of Delitschia consociata is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
pseudothecium of Delitschia didyma is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
pseudothecium of Delitschia furfuracea is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
pseudothecium of Delitschia marchalii is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
pseudothecium of Delitschia myriaspora is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
pseudothecium of Delitschia niesslii is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
pseudothecium of Delitschia patagonica is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
pseudothecium of Delitschia winteri is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: major host/prey
Plant / resting place / within
Diastictus vulneratus may be found in entrance to burrow of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: minor host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
sporangiophore of Dispira cornuta is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasite / endoparasite
Eimeria stiedae endoparasitises very swollen, with large yellowish white areas of dead tissue liver of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung associate
larva or puparium of Fannia manicata inhabits dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Fimaria hepatica is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Fimaria leporum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Fimaria theioleuca is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasite / endoparasite
worm of Graphidium strigosum endoparasitises stomach of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
fruitbody of Hebeloma radicosum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of nest of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
immersed perithecium of Hypocopra brefeldii is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
immersed perithecium of Hypocopra equorum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
immersed perithecium of Hypocopra merdaria is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
immersed perithecium of Hypocopra planispora is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Iodophanus carneus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker
Ixodes ricinus sucks the blood of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecial stroma of Lanzia cuniculi is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sporangiophore of Mucor genevensis is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sporangiophore of Mucor mucedo is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sporangiophore of Mucor racemosus f. sphaerosporus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
fruitbody of Mycocalia denudata is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of wet, weathered dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
fruitbody of Mycocalia duriaeana is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of weathered dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / pathogen
Myxoma virus infects Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasitoid / ectoparasitoid
Notoedres is ectoparasitoid of crusty manged eye of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasite / ectoparasite
Notoedres cati ectoparasitises ear, then rest of body of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: minor host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
colony of Onychophora anamorph of Onychophora coprophila is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Fungus / feeder
Oryctolagus cuniculus feeds on subterranean ascoma of Elaphomyces granulatus
Animal / parasite / endoparasite
Passalurus ambiguus endoparasitises caecum of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
coremium of Penicillium dematiaceous anamorph of Penicillium claviforme is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sessile apothecium of Peziza bovina is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
substipitate or sessile apothecium of Peziza fimeti is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
colony of Oedocephalum anamorph of Peziza vesiculosa is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
solitary or clustered, sessile apothecium of Pezizella albula is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sporangiophore of Pilaira anomala is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sporangiophore of Pilaira moreaui is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sporangiophore of Pilobolus crystallinus var. crystallinus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sporangiophore of Pilobolus crystallinus var. kleinii is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung associate
sporangiophore of Piptocephalis cylindrospora inhabits dung of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sporangiophore of Piptocephalis freseniana is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sporangiophore of Piptocephalis lepidula is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung/debris feeder
Podops inuncta feeds on dung/debris dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Remarks: Other: uncertain
Animal / dung saprobe
long rooted, perithecial stroma of Podosordaria leporina is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
long rooted, perithecial perithecium of Podosordaria tulasnei is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of buried dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Remarks: captive: in captivity, culture, or experimentally induced
Animal / dung saprobe
superficial perithecium of Podospora appendiculata is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
partly immersed perithecium of Podospora collapsa is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
partly immersed perithecium of Podospora communis is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: minor host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
immersed, neck protruding perithecium of Podospora curvicolla is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: major host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
partly immersed perithecium of Podospora decipiens is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: minor host/prey
Animal / dung saprobe
partly immersed perithecium of Podospora granulostriata is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
partly immersed perithecium of Podospora gwynne-vaughaniae is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
partly immersed perithecium of Podospora myriospora is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
partly immersed perithecium of Podospora pauciseta is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
partly immersed perithecium of Podospora perplexens is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
partly immersed perithecium of Podospora pleiospora is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
partly immersed perithecium of Podospora setosa is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
stalked stroma of Poronia erici is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung associate
larva of Potamia littoralis inhabits dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Virus / infection vector
Potato Mosaic virus X is spread by Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasitoid / ectoparasitoid
Psoroptes communis is ectoparasitoid of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Pyxidiophora petchii is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
scattered, often immersed apothecium of Ryparobius dubius var. dubius is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
gregarious, partly immersed apothecium of Ryparobius pachyascus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
solitary, superficial, sessile apothecium of Saccobolus caesariatus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
scattered or gregarious, superficial, sessile apothecium of Saccobolus depauperatus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
scattered or gregarious, superficial, sessile apothecium of Saccobolus dilutellus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
scattered, superficial, sessile apothecium of Saccobolus globuliferellus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
gregarious, superficial, sessile apothecium of Saccobolus obscurus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
scattered or gregarious, superficial, sessile apothecium of Saccobolus versicolor is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasite / ectoparasite
burrowing mite of Sarcoptes scabei ectoparasitises lesioned face of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Schizothecium glutinans is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Schizothecium nanum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Schizothecium pilosum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Schizothecium squamulosum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
perithecium of Schizothecium tetrasporum is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung/debris feeder
gymnothecium of Shanorella spirotricha feeds on dung/debris fur of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
gregarious perithecium of Sordaria fimicola is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
mostly grouped perithecium of Sordaria humana is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
grouped perithecium of Sordaria macrospora is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
scattered perithecium of Sordaria polyspora is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
grouped perithecium of Sordaria superba is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
partly immersed perithecium of Sphaeronaemella fimicola is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker
adult of Spilopsyllus cuniculi sucks the blood of young of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
mostly immersed pseudothecium of Sporormiella antarctica is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
mostly immersed pseudothecium of Sporormiella australis is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
mostly immersed pseudothecium of Sporormiella bipartis is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
mostly immersed pseudothecium of Sporormiella corynespora is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
mostly immersed pseudothecium of Sporormiella grandispora is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
mostly immersed pseudothecium of Sporormiella heptamera is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
mostly immersed pseudothecium of Sporormiella intermedia is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
mostly immersed pseudothecium of Sporormiella leporina is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
mostly immersed pseudothecium of Sporormiella minima is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
mostly immersed pseudothecium of Sporormiella octomera is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of old dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
mostly immersed pseudothecium of Sporormiella pulchella is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
synnema of Stilbella anamorph of Stilbella erythrocephala is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of old dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Other: major host/prey
Animal / parasite / endoparasite
Cysticercus larva of Taenia pisiformis endoparasitises liver of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasite / endoparasite
Coenurus larva of Taenia serialis endoparasitises muscle of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
sporangiophore of Thamnidium elegans is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
gregarious apothecium of Thelebolus microsporus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
apothecium of Thelebolus nanus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
scattered or gregarious, sessile apothecium of Thelebolus polysporus is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
cleistothecium of Thielavia wareingii is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / associate
fruitbody of Trechispora clancularis is associated with disused burrow of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / parasite / endoparasite
worm of Trichostrongylus retortaeformis endoparasitises ilium (anterior part) of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / associate
imago of Typhaeus typhoeus is associated with dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Animal / dung saprobe
superficial, stromatal perithecium of Wawelia octospora is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of incubated dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Remarks: captive: in captivity, culture, or experimentally induced
Animal / dung saprobe
scattered, superficial cleistothecium of Zopfiella erostrata is saprobic in/on dung or excretions of dung of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Few mammal species are farther from extinction than O. cuniculus. Not only is it valuable to humans as a domestic and game animal, but wild populations have established themselves successfully in many parts of the world. However, one variety of O. cuniculus found on islands in the Atlantic and Mediterranean may be at risk. (Wilson & Reeder, 1993)
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: near threatened
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | ©1995-2013, The Regents of the University of Michigan and its licensors |
| Source | http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Oryctolagus_cuniculus/ |