Clarias
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Depth range based on 2 specimens in 8 taxa.
Environmental ranges
Depth range (m): 2 - 5.5
Graphical representation
Depth range (m): 2 - 5.5
Note: this information has not been validated. Check this *note*. Your feedback is most welcome.
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| Rights holder/Author | Ocean Biogeographic Information System |
| Source | http://www.iobis.org/mapper/?taxon_id=423486 |
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Stats
Specimen Records:513
Specimens with Sequences:425
Specimens with Barcodes:414
Species:29
Species With Barcodes:28
Public Records:175
Public Species:13
Public BINs:16
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 0
Specimens with Barcodes: 1
Species With Barcodes: 1
The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.
No available public DNA sequences.
Download FASTA File
Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 2
Specimens with Barcodes: 2
Species With Barcodes: 1
Clarias is a genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Clariidae, the airbreathing catfishes. The name is derived from the Greek chlaros, which means lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.[1]
Contents
Taxonomy[edit]
Clarias has been found to be paraphyletic. It has been found that a species of Heterobranchus (H. longifilis) clusters deeply inside the Clarias group.[2]
Distribution[edit]
They are found in inland waters throughout much of the Old World, and is one of the most widespread catfish genera in the world.[3][4] The genus is found in Southeast Asia and East Asia westwards through India and the Asia Minor to Africa.[5] The diversity of these catfishes is highest in Africa.[6] Some (notably the walking catfish) have become pest species where they have been accidentally introduced.
Description[edit]
Clarias species are recognized by their long-based dorsal and anal fins, which give them a rather eel-like appearance. These fish have slender bodies, a flat bony head, and a broad, terminal mouth with four pairs of barbels. They also have a large, accessory breathing organ composed of modified gill arches.[3][5] Also, only the pectoral fins have spines.[7]
Relationship to humans[edit]
Many of the species are of great economic importance in both fisheries and fish culture.[6]
Species[edit]
There are currently 61 species recognized in this genus:
African species
Asian species
- Clarias abbreviatus Valenciennes, 1840
- Clarias anfractus H. H. Ng, 1999
- Clarias batrachus Linnaeus, 1758 (Philippine catfish)
- Clarias batu K. K. P. Lim & H. H. Ng, 1999 [5]
- Clarias cataractus Fowler, 1939
- Clarias dayi Hora, 1936
- Clarias fuscus Lacépède, 1803 (Hong Kong catfish)
- Clarias gracilentus H. H. Ng, K. H. Dang & V. T. Nguyen, 2011 [8]
- Clarias insolitus H. H. Ng, 2003 [3]
- Clarias intermedius Teugels, Sudarto & Pouyaud, 2001 [6]
- Clarias kapuasensis Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003
- Clarias leiacanthus Bleeker, 1851
- Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864 (Bighead catfish)
- Clarias magur F. Hamilton, 1822
- Clarias meladerma Bleeker, 1846 (Blackskin catfish)
- Clarias microspilus H. H. Ng & Hadiaty, 2011 [9]
- Clarias microstomus H. H. Ng, 2001 [4]
- Clarias nebulosus Deraniyagala, 1958
- Clarias nieuhofii Valenciennes, 1840 (Slender walking catfish)
- Clarias nigricans H. H. Ng, 2003 [10]
- Clarias olivaceus Fowler, 1904
- Clarias planiceps H. H. Ng, 1999
- Clarias pseudoleiacanthus Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003
- Clarias pseduonieuhofii Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2004 [7]
- Clarias serniosus H. H. Ng & Kottelat, 2014 [11]
- Clarias sulcatus H. H. Ng, 2004
Fossil species
- Clarias falconeri † Lydekker, 1886, from India
Invasive species[edit]
Clarias catfish and primarily Clarias batrachus (walking catfish) have been introduced to many different areas of the world where they are causing problems for the native wildlife. The effect of introduction of clarias catfish varies from area to area but as they are predatory fish they often impact the local wildlife by eating other fish, birds and amphibians. In Florida the fish is causing problems by invading aquaculture farms and prey on the fish cultivated there.[12] Countries where one or several Clarias species have been introduced include Indonesia, USA, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, UK, Papua New Guinea, Guam, Taiwan, Thailand and Cuba.
References[edit]
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). Species of Clarias in FishBase. December 2011 version.
- ^ Mwita, CJ; Nkwengulila, G. (2008). "Molecular phylogeny of the clariid fishes of Lake Victoria, Tanzania, inferred from cytochrome b DNA sequences". Journal of Fish Biology 73 (5): 1139–1148. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01935.x.
- ^ a b c Ng, Heok Hee (2003). "Clarias insolitus, a new species of clariid catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from southern Borneo" (PDF). Zootaxa 284: 1–8. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
- ^ a b Ng, Heok Hee (2001). "Clarias microstomus, a New Species of Clariid Catfish from Eastern Borneo (Teleostei: Siluriformes)" (PDF). Zoological Studies 40 (2): 158–162. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
- ^ a b c Lim, Kelvin K. P.; Ng, H. H. (1999). "Clarias batu, a New Species of Catfish (Teleostei: Clariidae) from Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology (6): 157–167. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
- ^ a b c Teugels, Guy G.; Sudarto; Pouyaud, Laurent (2001). "Description of a New Clarias Species from Southeast Asia Based on Morphological and Genetical Evidence (Siluriformes, Clariidae)" (PDF) 25 (1). pp. 81–92. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
- ^ a b Sudarto; Teugels, Guy G.; Pouyaud, Laurent (2004). "Description of a New Clariid Catfish, Clarias pseudonieuhofii from West Borneo (Siluriformes: Clariidae)" (PDF). Zoological Studies 43 (1): 8–19. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
- ^ Ng, H. H., Dang, K. H. and Nguyen, V. T. (2011). "Clarias gracilentus, a new walking catfish (Teleostei: Clariidae) from Vietnam and Cambodia". Zootaxa 2823: 61–68
- ^ Ng HH & Hadiaty Rk (2011) Clarias microspilus, a new walking catfish (Teleostei: Clariidae) from northern Sumatra, Indonesia. Journal of Threatened Taxa 3(3): 1577-1584. http://www.threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2011/March/ng.htm
- ^ Ng, Heok Hee (2003). "Clarias nigricans, a New Species of Clariid Catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from Eastern Borneo" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 393–398. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
- ^ Ng, H.H. & Kottelat, M. (2014): Clarias serniosus, a new walking catfish (Teleostei: Clariidae) from Laos. Zootaxa, 3884 (5): 437–444.
- ^ issg Database: ecology of Clarias batrachus
| License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ |
| Rights holder/Author | Wikipedia |
| Source | http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarias&oldid=639856980 |
The genus Clarias Scopoli ZBK , 1777 is a group of air-breathing catfishes found in inland waters throughout much of the Old World.
They are easily identified by an anguilliform body, long-based dorsal and anal-fins, eye with free orbital margin and located dorsolaterally, large and well-developed neurocranium and the presence of an accessory breathing organ comprised of modified gill arches.
Although the bulk of Clarias ZBK diversity is found in Africa (Teugels, 1986), 18 nominal species, 12 of which are currently considered valid (Ng, 1999; 2001), are known from Southeast Asia.
As recent studies have shown, the diversity of Southeast Asian Clarias ZBK is higher than previously thought and undescribed taxa are still being described.
- Heok Hee Ng (2003): Clarias insolitus, a new species of clariid catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from southern Borneo. Zootaxa 284, 1-8: 1-1, URL:http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8B2553DF-50B0-40B9-A2CF-AA08A243BF75
| License | Public Domain |
| Rights holder/Author | No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation. |
| Source | http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3EAD244A7000974EAFBA64B046E2770D |