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Species
Myriophyllum spicatum L. var. muricatum Maxim.
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Myriophyllum spicatum L., 1753
Materials
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito ; Location: country: Myanmar ; verbatimLatitude: 16° 53' 19" N; verbatimLongitude: 95° 52' 29" E; Record Level: institutionCode: TI
Distribution
China (nationwide), Japan, Myanmar; Europe.
License | Public Domain |
Rights holder/Author | No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation. |
Source | http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5164CFF1C2CDFA8C1E0EAD7B7D11A966 |
- Plant: herbaceous aquatic plant; stems grow to the water surface, usually extending 3-10 ft. but as much as 33 ft. in length and frequently forming dense mats; stems are long, slender, branching, hairless and become leafless toward the base; new plants may emerge from each node (joint) on a stem and root upon contact with mud.
- Leaves: bright green, finely divided and occurring in whorls of three or four along the stem, with 12-16 pairs of fine, thin leaflets about ½ in. long that give it a feathery appearance.
- Flowers, fruits and seeds: produces small, yellow, four-parted flowers on a spike that projects 2-4 in. above the water surface; flower spikes often remain above water until pollination is complete; fruit is a hard, segmented capsule containing four seeds.
- Spreads: vegetatively by rhizomes, fragmented stems and axillary buds that develop throughout the year. Although seeds are usually viable, they are not an important means of dispersal.
- Look-alikes: many species of submerged aquatic plants including non-native invasive parrot-feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum), and native species such as Northern water-milfoil (M. sibiricum), coontail (Ceratophyllum dmersum) and water marigold (Megalodonta beckii).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | U.S. National Park Service |
Source | http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/mysp.htm |
Rounded Global Status Rank: GNR - Not Yet Ranked
spicatum: arranged in a spike.
Plants mostly monoecious, rarely with bisexual flowers. Stem much branched, 100-250 cm, densely leafy in upper part, sparsely light green warty; internodes ca. 3 cm. Submerged leaves 4- or 5-whorled, pectinate, broadly ovate in outline, 3-3.5 × 1-2.5 cm; segments in 13-16 pairs, filiform, 1-1.5 cm. Inflorescence a terminal spike of 4-whorled flowers, 6-10 cm; bracts reniform or suborbicular, shorter than flowers, broader than long. Male flowers: bracteoles rhombic to elongate, margin entire; calyx broadly campanulate, 0.5-1 mm, 4-parted nearly to middle; petals 4(or 5), pale pink, elliptic, 1.5-2.5 mm; stamens 8, without androphore. Female flowers: bracteoles pectinate, lanceolate in outline; calyx tubiform, 0.7-1 mm, margin shortly lobed; petals absent or minute and caducous. Fruit 4-loculed, subcylindric, ca. 2 × 1.5 mm; mericarps abaxially rounded, smooth or sparsely verrucose along margins. Fl. and fr. Apr-Sep.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200015097 |
Population
Population Trend
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/164481 |
This submerged aquatic plant is a perennial that develops stems up to 9' long. The stems branch sparingly below and abundantly above; the upper stems often extend parallel to the surface of the water. Individual stems are light green, pale red, pale reddish green, or nearly white; they are terete, slightly succulent, and glabrous. Along these stems, there are whorls of 4 leaves (rarely 3 or 5) that are medium to dark green and glabrous. The internodes (spatial separation along the stem) of the whorled leaves are about ¾-2" in length. Individual leaves are ¾-1½" long and a little less across; they are deeply pinnatifid, each leaf dividing into 10-20 filiform (worm-like) lobes on each side. This provides the leaves with a feathery appearance. The upper stems terminate in floral spikes about 2-8" long. These spikes are usually exerted above the water surface. The central stalks of these spikes resemble the stems, except they are slightly more narrow. Each spike produces sessile unisexual flowers (rarely perfect) that are arranged in whorls of 4; the male flowers are located above, while the female flowers are located below. These whorled flowers are widely separated from each other along each spike. Each male flower is about 3 mm. long, consisting of 4 pink petals and 8 stamens; the petals are early-deciduous. Each female flower is about 2-3 mm. long, consisting of a 4-lobed pistil with feathery stigmata; petals are insignificant or absent. Underneath each male flower, there is a green bractlet that is oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate in shape. Underneath each female flower, there is a green bractlet that is oval in shape. These bractlets are about the same length or a little shorter than the flowers. The blooming period usually occurs from early summer to early fall. If the weather and water are warm, individual plants may bloom more than one time per year. The flowers are cross-pollinated by wind. Afterwards, the floral spikes start to sag into the water as the fruits of the female flowers develop. Each fruit is 2 mm. long and globoid-ovoid in shape with 4 lateral lobes; these lobes are smooth, except along their margins, where they may be slightly warty. Each fruit divides into 4 chunky 3-sided seeds. The root system is shallow and fibrous. This plant can reproduce vegetatively as its fragile stems often divide, forming plant fragments that drift in the water. If the stems of these plant fragments become lodged in the substrate of the water body, they can develop new roots. Winter turions (dense buds of cold-adapted leaves) are not developed; instead this plant dies down to its root crown for the winter.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright © 2002-2014 by Dr. John Hilty |
Source | http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/wetland/plants/eur_milfoil.html |
Submerged perennial. Stems thick, 30-150 cm long, branched, glabrous, rhizome rooting. Leaves 10-25 mm long, pectinate, with 20-26 segments. Spikes terminal, 50-70 mm long, with flowers in whorls of 4 in the axils of bracts; the upper flowers male, the lower female. Bracts 1.5-3 mm long, the upper obovate, entire; the lower: pinnatifid or with a deeply cleft margin. Male flower : sepals 0.5-1 mm long, triangular, obtuse; petals 2 mm long, oblong, cucullate, reddish. Stamens 8, filaments short; anthers 1-1.5 mm long. Female flower: calyx c. 1.5 mm long; petals minute. Ovary c. 1.5 mm long, subglobose; styles short, stigmas plumose. Fruit 2 mm long, subglobose.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | eFloras.org Copyright © Missouri Botanical Garden |
Source | http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200015097 |
Major Threats
There are no known significant past, ongoing or future threats to this species.
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | © International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/164481 |
Myriophyllum spicatum L., 1753
Materials
Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito ; Location: country: Myanmar ; verbatimLatitude: 16° 53' 19" N; verbatimLongitude: 95° 52' 29" E; Record Level: institutionCode: TI
Distribution
China (nationwide), Japan, Myanmar; Europe.
License | Public Domain |
Rights holder/Author | No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation. |
Source | http://treatment.plazi.org/id/412C7486AF8DB85A3B403BEF14E90EB9 |