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Species
Cromileptes altivelis (Valenciennes, 1828)
IUCN
NCBI
EOL Text
Indo-West Pacific.
Nutritional Myopathy. Nutritional deficiencies
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Allan Palacio, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/Diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6457&StockCode=6779 |
The humpback grouper is threatened in Southeast Asia, where it is heavily exploited and its habitat is being degraded. This species is one of the most highly valued species in the live food fish trade centre in Hong Kong, where many tonnes are sold, coming principally from Indonesia, the Philippines and the Chinese Islands (1). Large adults are most likely to be harvested for the food fish trade, while smaller individuals that are used in the aquarium trade tend to come from hatchery produced mariculture (8).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008 |
Source | http://www.arkive.org/humpback-grouper/cromileptes-altivelis/ |
Western Pacific: southern Japan to Palau, Guam, New Caledonia and southern Queensland, Australia. Eastern Indian Ocean: Nicobar Islands to Broome, Western Australia. Reports from western Indian Ocean (Heemstra and Randall 1984, 1986, Ref. 3153 and 4319 respectively) are unsubstantiated, except one from Kenya (Smith 1954, Ref. 6514) which seems valid. Records from Hawaii are probably based on released aquarium fishes (Ref. 4787).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Estelita Emily Capuli, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6457 |
Flexibacter maritimus Infection. Bacterial diseases
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Allan Palacio, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/Diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6457&StockCode=6779 |
Conservation Actions
Indonesia
In Indonesia, about 1 million and more than 3 million juveniles (4-5 cm TL) were produced by hatcheries in 2000 and 2001, respectively. In 2003, 2 government, 7 commercial and more than 100 farmer backyard hatcheries were actively producing juveniles (Sugama et al. 2003). Hatchery-produced fish are used exclusively for the grow-out industry and aquarium trade.
Australia
C. altivelis is listed as a protected species under the Great Barrier Reef Marine Regulations 1983 Reg 29 (accessed on 18th Jan 2006).
C. altivelis is also listed as Lower Risk (conservation dependent) in Australia (see Conservation Status of Australian Fishes - 2001; accessed on 18th Jan 2006). According to Division 3, Part 2 of Fisheries (Coral Reef Fin Fish) Management Plan 2003 (Reprint No. 2), taking or possessing of C. altivelis in Queensland is prohibited by both state (Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland) and federal (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority) agencies (Queensland Fisheries Act 1994: Fisheries (Coral Reef Fin Fish) Management Plan 2003; accessed on 18th Jan 2006). However, it is permissible to take small numbers under permit for aquaculture (broodstock) purposes under the approvals from both the state and federal governments (Mike Rimmer, Northern Fisheries Centre of Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, PO Box 5396, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. pers. comm. on 25th Jan 06).
Papua New Guinea
The minimum size limit for exporting C. altivelis is 40 cm TL (Live Reef Fish Food Trade (LRFFT) in Papua New Guinea; accessed on 19th Jan 2006).
Vanuatu
Listed as an Endangered Species in Vanuatu (Endangered Species in Vanuatu; accessed on 19 Jan 2006).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
Source | http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/39774 |
Found in the Western Pacific, from southern Japan to Palau, Guam, New Caledonia and southern Queensland, Australia; and the Eastern Indian Ocean, from the Nicobars to Broome, Western Australia (7). There is also a report from the Western Indian Ocean (Kenya) that has not been confirmed (1). Records from Hawaii are thought to be based on released aquarium fish (7).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008 |
Source | http://www.arkive.org/humpback-grouper/cromileptes-altivelis/ |
Fish Leech Infestation (Hirudinea sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Allan Palacio, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/Diseases/diseasesList.cfm?ID=6457&StockCode=6779 |
The humpback grouper is reportedly farmed commercially in Bali, Indonesia, although the annual production is not known. Furthermore, cultured animals are presently sold in the aquarium market rather than for food, for which individuals must be harvested from the wild. There is a minimum capture size of 40 centimetres for this species in Queensland and recreational fishers are restricted to one fish each (1).
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Copyright Wildscreen 2003-2008 |
Source | http://www.arkive.org/humpback-grouper/cromileptes-altivelis/ |
Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17 - 19; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 9 - 10
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ |
Rights holder/Author | Rodolfo B. Reyes, FishBase |
Source | http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=6457 |